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摘要:
针对一种反转轴间双端面气膜密封系统的密封性能进行研究，建立系统二自由度力学平衡方程，通过有限元法求解双端面稳态气膜厚度以及气膜支反力；以瞬时扰动力与激振力模拟密封系统扰动，采用直接数值模拟法，求解密封系统的动态响应，使用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）处理振动信号。分析表明：动静压混合结构可在较大的膜厚范围内保持较高刚度，使系统密封特性提升兼有良好的稳定性。密封系统在瞬时力扰动下的收敛时间受密封跑道与主密封环质量比影响较大；在非共振频率的激振力下，密封系统动态稳定性良好；在共振频率的激振力下将会引起系统振动加剧、泄漏量增加，甚至失稳，设计中应予避免。
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关键词:
- 双端面气膜 /
- 性能分析 /
- 动态分析 /
- 直接数值模拟法 /
- 快速傅里叶变换 (FFT)
Abstract:The performance of a double-faced gas film seal system used in counter-rotating intershafts was analyzed. The system's two-degree-of-freedom force balance equation was established. The thickness and force of the film were calculated with finite element method. The seal system's dynamic response to seal disturbance simulated by instantaneous disturbing force and exciting force was solved with the direct numerical simulation. The vibration signal was processed by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results show that the hydrodynamic-hydrostatic hybrid structure maintains a higher stiffness in a wider thickness range and improves the seal system performance with a good stability. When disturbed by instantaneous force, the seal system's convergence time is impacted by the mass ratio of track and sealing ring. When the exciting force's frequency is not the natural frequency, the seal system is in good stability. Exciting force with resonance frequency strengthens the vibration, increases the leakage and even damages system stability. Thus, this situation should be avoided in the design.
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图 1 反转轴间双端面气膜密封系统
Figure 1. Double-faced gas film seal system in counter-rotating intershafts
图 2 密封件受力图
Ro—密封跑道外径；Ri—密封跑道内径；Rm—密封跑道结构尺寸；F(hF)—前端面密封气膜力；F(hB)—后端面密封气膜力。
Figure 2. Force diagram of seal components
图 3 气膜支反力随膜厚的变化趋势
Figure 3. Variation trend of gas film reaction force with film thickness
图 7 振动收敛时间随质量比变化趋势
Figure 7. Variation trend of vibration convergence time with mass ratio
图 9 系统固有频率随质量比变化趋势
Figure 9. Variation trend of natural frequency of system with mass ratio
图 10 不同激振频率密封系统动态响应曲线
Figure 10. Seal system dynamic response curves of different excitation frequency
表 1 气膜密封结构参数及工况参数
Table 1. Structure and operating parameters of gas film seal
参数 密封环外径Do/mm 密封环内径Ds/mm 节流孔直径Dk/mm 节流孔数量z 弹簧预紧力F/N 进口压力PH/MPa 出口压力PL/MPa 旋转速度n/(r·min-1) 数值 170 150 0.65 20 30 0.6 0.1 15 000 
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表 2 气膜密封稳态计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results of gas film seal in steady state
参数 前端面膜厚hF0/μm 后端面膜厚hB0/μm 前端面反力FF/N 后端面反力FB/N 前端面刚度KF/(107N·m-1) 后端面刚度KB/(107N·m-1) 泄漏量Qr/(kg·s-1) 数值 17.27 22.93 1 480.8 1 483.3 3.16 4.96 0.009 4
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