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摘要:
提出了一种变几何涡轮增压器用于发动机高空恢复功率的方法，并对其调节规律和相关特性进行研究。依据涡轮流动模型，分析了相同工况下不同喷嘴环开度对涡轮增压器工作的影响。在GT-POWER中建立了变几何涡轮增压发动机模型，通过全高度下不同工况的仿真分析，验证了变几何涡轮增压发动机恢复海平面功率的应用。结果表明，匹配了变几何涡轮增压器的发动机能够显著提高发动机高空可调范围，其使用升限从5 km提升到了6 km，对变几何涡轮增压器应用于恢复功率与喷嘴环开度的调节规律具有指导意义。
Abstract:A variable geometry turbocharger method was used to adjust the power of the engine. It's regulation law and characteristics was studied. According to the turbine flow model, the influence of different nozzle ring opening degrees on the turbocharger was analyzed under the same operating conditions. In GT-POWER, a variable geometry turbocharger engine model was established, and the application of the variable geometry turbocharger engine to recover the power of the sea was verified by the simulation and analysis of different working conditions. The results show that the engine can significantly improve the engine altitude adjustable range, enhancing the ceiling of engine usage from 5 km to 6 km, which is of guiding significance for application of variable geometry turbocharger to restoring power and the regulation of nozzle ring opening degree.
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图 1 发动机原机GT-POWER仿真模型
Figure 1. Simulation model of original engine in GT-POWER environment
图 2 不同喷嘴环开度时涡轮进气压力随曲轴转角变化
Figure 2. Variation of intake pressure with crank angle at different nozzle ring opening degrees
图 3 5 km高度下不同节气门开度时涡轮功率随喷嘴环开度变化
Figure 3. Variation of turbine power with nozzle ring opening degree at height of 5 km under different throttle opening degrees
图 4 5 km高度下不同节气门开度时进气压力随喷嘴环开度变化
Figure 4. Variation of intake pressure with nozzle ring opening degree at height of 5 km under different throttle opening degrees
图 6 采用变几何涡轮增压的发动机GT-POWER仿真模型
Figure 6. Simulation model of engine with VGT in GT-POWER environment
图 7 变几何涡轮增压发动机与原机功率随高度与转速的变化
Figure 7. Variation of power of engine with VGT and original engine with height and speed
图 8 转速5 500 r/min时变几何涡轮增压发动机与原机功率随高度与节气门开度的变化
Figure 8. Variation of power of engine with VGT and original engine with height and throttle opening degree when speed is 5 500 r/min
图 9 变几何涡轮增压发动机与原机扭矩随高度与转速的变化
Figure 9. Variation of torque of engine with VGT and original engine with height and speed
图 10 转速5 500 r/min时变几何涡轮增压发动机与原机扭矩随高度与节气门开度的变化
Figure 10. Variation of torque of engine with VGT and original engine with height and throttle opening degree when speed is 5 500 r/min
图 11 变几何涡轮增压发动机和原机在5 km高度下可调范围对比(转速、节气门开度)
Figure 11. Comparison of adjustable range between original engine and engine with VGT when height is 5 km (speed and throttle opening degree)
图 12 5 km高度下不同节气门开度时原机与变几何涡轮增压发动机进排气压力对比
Figure 12. Comparison of intake pressure and exhaust pressure between original engine and engine with VGT when height is 5 km under different throttle opeing degrees
图 13 5 km高度下原机与变几何涡轮增压发动机燃油消耗率对比
Figure 13. Comparison of fuel consumption rate between original engine and engine with VGT when height is 5 km
参数 数值 工作形式 四缸四冲程航空汽油机 最大扭矩/(N·m) 2 142 额定功率/kW 73.5 额定转速/(r·min-1) 5 500 使用升限/km 5 增压方式 单级废气阀涡轮增压 
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表 2 不同高度及转速下变几何涡轮增压与原机扭矩提升比
Table 2. Torque lifting rate of engine with VGT and original engine at different height and speed
% 高度/km 转速/(r·min-1) 5 500 5 000 4 500 4 000 3 500 4 0.25 0.76 0.34 8.69 14.65 5 2.25 1.07 3.01 16.01 14.77 6 0.59 0.02 2.16 18.73 10.95 7 4.11 3.07 10.32 24.99 13.47
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