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摘要:
相控阵天线的快速测量和校准一直是相控阵天线研究的热门问题。传统校准方法的测量速度较慢，不能满足大量工程需求的测量校准要求。针对实际工程应用需求，在对幅相求解算法研究的基础上，提出了一种基于幅度测量的快速校准方法--四相幅度校准法（FPC）。经理论分析，该方法的校准时间仅相当于采用6位数字移相器的旋转矢量法所花费校准时间的1/16。对四相幅度校准法、采用4位数字移相器的旋转矢量法和采用6位数字移相器的旋转矢量法的校准速度和校准精度做了对比试验，试验结果验证了四相幅度校准法的正确性和高效性。
Abstract:The study of rapid measurement and calibration for phased array antenna has always been one of hot issues. The low efficiency of traditional calibration method cannot satisfy the requirement of large-scale engineering application of phased array antenna. A fast calibration method called four-phase-cycle amplitude-only measurement (FPC), which can determine the phase of each element in phased arrays by power measurements according to a certain phase distribution, is presented on the basis of theoretical analysis for phase solving algorithm. And theoretical analysis prove that the method takes only about one sixteenth of the time that the conventional rotating element electric field vector method using 6-bit digital phase shifter spends. Finally, a contrast test of three calibration methods, which are FPC, rotating element electric field vector method using 4 bit digital phase shifter and rotating element electric field vector method using 6 bit digital phase shifter, is carried out. And the experimental results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the FPC calibration algorithm.
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Key words:
- calibration /
- calibration algorithm /
- measurement /
- antenna measurement /
- phased array antenna
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图 4 校准前后不同方法方向图对比
Figure 4. Radiation patterns before and after calibration with different methods
表 1 第1轮相位分布下的和信号功率测量
Table 1. Power measurement under the first round phase distribution
相位分布/rad P∑/dBm 通道1 通道2 通道3 通道4 通道5 0
0
0
0π
0
0
00
π
0
00
0
π
00
0
0
πP2
P3
P4
P5
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表 2 第2轮相位分布下的和信号功率测量
Table 2. Power measurement under the second round phase distribution
相位分布/rad P∑/dBm 通道1 通道2 通道3 通道4 通道5 0
0
0
00
π
π
ππ
0
π
ππ
π
0
ππ
π
π
0P′2
P′3
P′4
P′5
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表 3 第3轮相位分布下的和信号功率测量
Table 3. Power measurement under the third round phase distribution
相位分布/rad P∑/dBm 通道1 通道2 通道3 通道4 通道5 0 π/2 3π/2 3π/2 3π/2 P2 0 3π/2 π/2 3π/2 3π/2 P3 0 3π/2 3π/2 π/2 3π/2 P4 0 3π/2 3π/2 3π/2 π/2 P5
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表 4 第4轮相位分布下的和信号功率测量
Table 4. Power measurement under the fourth round phase distribution
相位分布/rad P∑/dBm 通道1 通道2 通道3 通道4 通道5 0 3π/2 π/2 π/2 π/2 P′2 0 π/2 3π/2 π/2 π/2 P′3 0 π/2 π/2 3π/2 π/2 P′4 0 π/2 π/2 π/2 3π/2 P′5
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表 5 4种校准方法校准结果
Table 5. Calibration results with four calibration methods
单元编号 相位/(°) 直接校相法 REV-4 bit法 REV-6 bit法 FPC法 1 0 0 0 0 2 268 261.58 261.09 267.81 3 115 110.45 112.44 114.81 4 7 353.70 354.70 0.49 5 236 230.87 229.33 233.19 6 29 20.37 22.48 23.99 7 265 256.48 256.08 260.84 8 341 342.64 343.13 345.98 9 160 159.33 162.70 165.06 10 34 28.48 30.11 29.91
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