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摘要:
军用飞机是一种复杂的可修系统，其瞬时可用度计算是装备综合保障领域研究的难点。本文构建了基于作战任务和飞机技术状态驱动的随机维修网络（SMTN），SMTN中各项活动的维修时间服从不同分布，定义了SMTN的矩母函数并求解系统维修度函数的数字特征，将得到的期望和方差分别代入不同分布形式函数进行验证，从而选定符合实际情况的SMTN的维修度函数，并对任务准备期内的军用飞机可用度进行仿真。在计算过程中基于蒙特卡罗技术设计了一种新方法，在提高计算效率的同时，可以较好地反映维修保障过程的逻辑性、拓扑性和随机性，仿真结果可以真实反映装备在任务准备期内瞬时可用度的波动规律。该方法可以广泛应用到各种复杂的可修系统，为装备的使用决策提供依据，为保障系统的保障效能评估提供量化指标，对于综合保障领域“动态”指标的研究有着一定探索价值。
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关键词:
- 瞬时可用度 /
- 随机维修网络 (SMTN) /
- 维修度函数 /
- 军用飞机 /
- 蒙特卡罗
Abstract:Military aircraft is a complex repairable system, instantaneous availability analysis of it is a difficult problem in the integrated logistics support field. The stochastic maintenance task net (SMTN) based on mission requirement and technical condition of the military aircraft is constructed, and the maintenance function distribution types of activities in the SMTN are different. The moment generating function is defined, and the numerical characteristics of the system maintenance distribution function are solved. The functions are verified by substituting expectation and variance into different distribution functions, and the maintenance functions that meet the actual situation are selected. And the military aircraft availability in the mission preparation period is simulated. In the calculation process, a new method is designed based on the Monte Carlo method, which can increase calculation efficiency and well reflects the logic, topology and randomness of the maintenance process. The simulation result can truly reflect the fluctuation of the instantaneous availability of military aircraft in the mission preparation period. This method can be widely applied to complex repairable systems to provide basis for decision-making of the use of equipment and to provide quantitative indicators for support effectiveness evaluation of support system, and is of certain exploration value on the research of "dynamic" indicator in the integrated logistics support field.
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图 3 军用飞机任务准备期内的随机维修网络
Figure 3. Military aircraft SMTN during mission preparation period
图 6 不同分布的飞机瞬时可用度
Figure 6. Instantaneous availability of aircraft with different distributions
图 7 任务准备期内飞机的瞬时可用度
Figure 7. Instantaneous availability of aircraft during mission preparation period
表 1 常用维修度函数分布形式
Table 1. Classic distribution function of maintainability
分布类型 维修密度函数 函数说明 指数分布 
正态分布 
对数正态分布 
适用于修理频率和修理延续时间都互不相等的若干活动组成的复杂装备维修任务 
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表 2 各项保障活动的分布函数及参数
Table 2. Distribution function and parameter of support activities
活动代号 名称 M (t) TDi/min TWi/min 分布类型 μi σi 1-2 更换起落架 正态 43.5 7.41 12 9 2-3 更换燃油滤 正态 14.7 1.94 5 5 2-4 启动发电机更换 正态 9.7 1.03 4 3 3-5 外观检查 指数 8.41 — — — 4-5 — — — — — — 5-6 飞行前准备 指数 15.03 — — — 6-7 补充冷气 指数 6.01 — 6-8 安装阻力伞 指数 6.52 — — — 6-9 补加燃油 指数 5.21 — — — 7-10 补充附油 指数 3.31 — — — 8-11 复查座舱和进排气装置 指数 6.00 — — — 9-11 — — — — — — 10-11 — — — — — — 11-12 组织装挂武器 指数 15.50 — — — 12-13 填写工作日记 指数 3.56 — — — 12-14 清点工具 指数 3.2 — — — 13-14 — — — — — —
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