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摘要:
扇翼飞行器是一种新概念新原理飞行器, 尤其是其具有独特空气动力学原理。扇翼能够同时产生升力和推力, 为了进一步改善扇翼的气动特性, 在不改变扇翼基本几何参数的前提下, 沿机身纵向布置前后2个扇翼, 组成了纵列式双扇翼飞行器。通过数值模拟的方法, 计算了前后扇翼间距、高度和安装角变化时的扇翼升力和推力值, 分析了前后扇翼气动特性相互影响的规律。此外还设计了纵列式双扇翼的风洞试验模型, 将获得的风洞试验结果与数值计算结果进行了初步的对比验证。结果表明, 在一定前后扇翼间距、高度和安装角下, 纵列式双扇翼的气动力相比单个扇翼更具优势。因此, 纵列式双扇翼布局的飞行器具有很好的发展前景和应用优势。
Abstract:Fan wing aircraft is a kind of new-concept new-principle aircraft, and especially its wing has unique aerodynamic principle.Fan wing can simultaneously generate lift and thrust.In order to further improve fan wing's aerodynamic characteristics, two fan wings were installed along the longitudinal body without changing fan wing's basic geometric parameters, which is composition of a tandem fan-wing aircraft.Through numerical simulation, the lift and thrust of the fan wings were calculated with the change of distance, height and installation angle of the front and rear fan wings, and the interaction rule of the aerodynamic characteristics between the front and rear fan wings was analyzed.In addition, the wind tunnel test model of a tandem fan wing was designed, and the wind tunnel test results and numerical calculation results were compared and verified preliminarily.The results show that in a certain condition of height, distance and installation angle, the aerodynamic characteristics of tandem fan wing have more advantages compared to single fan wing.Therefore, a tandem fan-wing aircraft has good development prospects and application advantages.
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Key words:
- fan wing /
- cross flow fan /
- aerodynamic characteristics /
- wind tunnel test /
- CFD
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图 4 升力系数与推力系数随横流风扇转速变化
Figure 4. Change of lift coefficient and thrust coefficient with cross flow fan speed
图 5 纵列式双扇翼前后扇翼间距定义示意图
Figure 5. Schematic of definition of distance between front and rear fan wings of tandem fan wing
图 6 纵列式双扇翼气动力随前后扇翼间距变化
Figure 6. Change of aerodynamic force of tandem fan wing with distance between front and rear fan wings
图 7 纵列式双扇翼前后扇翼间距变化时的速度云图和流线图
Figure 7. Velocity contours and streamlines when distance between front and rear fan wings of tandem fan wing changes
图 8 纵列式双扇翼前后扇翼高度差定义示意图
Figure 8. Schematic of definition of height difference between front and rear fan wings of tandem fan wing
图 9 纵列式双扇翼气动力随前后扇翼高度变化
Figure 9. Change of aerodynamic force of tandem fan wing with height of front and rear fan wings
图 10 纵列式双扇翼前后扇翼高度变化时的速度云图和流线图
Figure 10. Velocity contours and streamlines when height of front and rear fan wings of tandem fan wing changes
图 11 纵列式双扇翼前后扇翼安装角定义示意图
Figure 11. Schematic of definition of installation angle between front and rear wings of tandem fan wing
图 12 前扇翼安装角固定时前后扇翼的升力和推力曲线(αf=0)
Figure 12. Curves of lift and thrust of front and rear fan wings when installation angle of front fan wing is fixed (αf=0)
图 13 前扇翼安装角固定时前后扇翼的速度云图和流线图
Figure 13. Velocity contours and streamlines of front and rear fan wings when installation angle of front fan wing is fixed
图 14 后扇翼安装角固定时前后扇翼的升力和推力曲线(αb=0)
Figure 14. Curves of lift and thrust of front and rear fan wings when installation angle of rear fan wing is fixed (αb=0)
图 15 后扇翼安装角固定时前后扇翼的速度云图和流线图
Figure 15. Velocity contours and streamlines of front and rear fan wings when installation angle of rear fan wing is fixed
图 16 前后扇翼安装角随动时前后扇翼的升力和推力曲线
Figure 16. Curves of lift and thrust of front and rear fan wings when front and rear fan wings have the same installation angle
图 17 前后扇翼安装角随动时前后扇翼的速度云图和流线图
Figure 17. Velocity contours and streamlines of front and rear fan wings when front and rear fan wings have the same installation angle
图 18 前后扇翼安装角差动时前后扇翼的升力和推力曲线
Figure 18. Curves of lift and thrust of front and rear fan wings when front and rear fan wings have opposite installation angle
图 19 前后扇翼安装角差动时前后扇翼的速度云图和流线图
Figure 19. Velocity contours and streamlines of front and rear fan wings when front and rear fan wings have opposite installation angle
图 22 纵列式双扇翼试验模型在风洞位置
Figure 22. Location map of tandem wing fan test model in wind tunnel
图 23 前扇翼安装角不变时数值计算结果与试验结果对比(αf=0)
Figure 23. Comparison between numerical calculation results and test results when installation angle of front fan wing is fixed (αf=0)
图 24 后扇翼安装角不变时数值计算结果与试验结果对比(αb=0)
Figure 24. Comparison between numerical calculation results and test results when installation angle of rear fan wing is fixed (αb=0)
图 25 前后扇翼安装角随动时数值计算结果与试验结果对比
Figure 25. Comparison between numerical calculation results and test results when front and rear fan wings have the same installation angle
表 1 扇翼几何尺寸参数
Table 1. Geometric parameters of fan wing
参数 数值 扇翼展长l/mm 500 横流风扇半径R/mm 150 弧形槽内径Rarcin/mm 155 弧形槽外径Rarcout/mm 160 扇翼弦长c/mm 561 后缘夹角θ/(°) 18 前缘开口角ψ/(°) 24 
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表 2 横流风扇叶片参数
Table 2. Cross flow fan blade parameters
参数 数值 叶片宽度b/mm 36 横流风扇内径Rin/mm 98 叶片外弧半径rout/mm 96 叶片内弧半径rin/mm 68 叶片根部圆弧半径rroot/mm 3 叶片安装角Φ/(°) 36.5 叶片间距σ/(°) 22.5
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表 3 试验风洞参数
Table 3. Parameters of test wind tunnel
参数 数值 试验区尺寸/(m×m) 3.4×2.4 最大风速/(m·s-1) 40 最小稳定风速/(m·s-1) 5 收缩比 4
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