Performance analysis and parameter optimization of lander with variable damping buffer
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摘要:
为了分析带有变阻尼缓冲器的典型腿式着陆器软着陆性能，建立了着陆器的整机动力学仿真模型。结合仿真模型与蒙特卡罗法分析了着陆器在不确定着陆工况下的软着陆性能，验证了变阻尼缓冲器应用在着陆器中的可行性。基于动力学仿真模型和优化拉丁超立方实验设计抽取样本点，构造了描述变阻尼缓冲器缓冲特性参数、着陆工况参数与软着陆性能指标值之间映射关系的不完全三阶多项式响应面代理模型。为了得到性能最佳的变阻尼缓冲器，结合响应面模型、蒙特卡罗法与第二代非劣排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）对变阻尼缓冲器的缓冲特性参数进行了优化。通过仿真模型验证，优化后的变阻尼缓冲器使着陆器的软着陆性能得到提升。
Abstract:In order to analyze soft landing performance of typical legged lander with variable damping buffer, the dynamic simulation model of lander was established. Based on the simulation model, the soft landing performance of the lander in the uncertain landing environment was analyzed by using Monte Carlo method. The sample points were obtained by using dynamic simulation model and optimized Latin hypercube experiment design, and the incomplete three-order polynomial response surface surrogate models which reflects the complex relationship among the configuration parameters of landing gear, the landing environment parameters and the values reflecting the soft landing performance were established. In order to obtain the variable damping buffer with best performance, the buffer characteristic parameters of the variable damping buffer were optimized by combining the response surface model, Monte Carlo method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ). The simulation model verification shows that the optimized soft landing performance of lander with variable damping buffer is enhanced.
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表 1 变阻尼缓冲器参数
Table 1. Parameters of variable damping buffer
参数 取值 取值范围 k/(kN·m-1) 50 30~ 70 cmax/(kN·s·m-1) 50 30~ 70 r 0.5 0.3~0.7 注：r=cmin/cmax—阻尼系数比。 
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表 2 着陆工况参数取值
Table 2. Value of of landing condition parameters
参数 分布规律 分布参数 (μ0-6σ，μ0+6σ] α/(°) 正态分布 μ0=6，σ=0.667 (2，10] μ 正态分布 μ0=0.4，σ=0.016 7 (0.3，0.5] θp/(°) 均匀分布 [0, 45] 注：μ0—均值；σ—标准差。
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表 3 软着陆性能分析结果
Table 3. Analysis results of soft landing performace
性能指标 均值 标准差 U/mm 436.281 1.207 S/mm 53.555 2.801 L/g 9.625 0.290 T/mm 1 703.846 37.111 注：超出许用值概率均为0。
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表 4 响应面模型精度分析
Table 4. Accuracy analysis of response surface model
U 1.525 0.998 S 10.25 0.999 L 1.856 0.999 T 1.321 0.999
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表 6 优化后软着陆性能分析结果
Table 6. Analysis results of soft landing performace after optimizaiton
性能指标 均值 标准差 U/mm 437.505 1.284 S/mm 49.588 2.564 L/g 9.485 0.234 T/mm 1 701.452 38.067 注：超出许用值概率均为0。
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