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摘要:
为了测量和评估航天员在轨维修的工作负荷，在时间线分析法和多资源占用理论的基础上，确定了用间接获取的资源需求占用率、直接测量的占用时间2个维度来进行工作负荷主客观综合评估，并提出基于动态时间窗口的时间-多资源占用的工作负荷评估模型。为了验证模型的有效性，搭建典型在轨维修任务——液体回路子系统的维修试验环境，招募被试，获取主观工作负荷数据，进行维修视频采集和动素时间测定。结果表明，本文模型的工作负荷值与主观工作负荷评估值显著相关且吻合较好，验证了其有效性。
Abstract:To measure and evaluate the astronauts' workload of on-orbit maintenance, based on timeline analysis and multi-resource theory, the subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation of the workload was carried out by using two dimensions of "indirect acquisition value of the resource demand occupancy rate" and "direct measurement value of the occupied time". A workload evaluation model based on dynamic time scene and time resource occupancy was put forward. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, the maintenance experiment of the liquid circuit subsystem, as a typical on-orbit maintenance task, was established. Testees were recruited to obtain the subjective workload questionnaires, maintenance videos were acquired, and the occupation time of therbligs was measured. The results reveal that the workload values of the proposed model have good agreement and significant correlation with subjective workload evaluation values. Hence the effectiveness of the workload evaluation model is validated.
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Key words:
- on-orbit maintenance /
- multi-resource theory /
- timeline analysis /
- workload /
- evaluation model
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图 6 TAWL模型、时间线分析模型、TMR模型与OWL量表的对比
Figure 6. Comparison among TAWL, timeline analysis, TMR model and OWL scale
通道 评分 描述 视觉(Visual) 0 不存在视觉 1 视觉检测 3.7 视觉辨别 4.0 视觉检查、核对 5.0 视觉对齐、定位 5.4 视觉追踪、跟随 5.9 视觉阅读 7 视觉扫描、搜索、监控 听觉(Auditory) 0 不存在听觉 1 听觉检测 2 确定声音的方向 4.2 确定声音的方位 4.3 验证听觉的反馈 4.9 解释语义的内容 6.6 分辨声音的特点 7 解释声音的模式 认知(Cognitive) 0 不存在认知 1 没有意识的行为 1.2 选择 3.7 符号、信号的识别 4.6 评估与判断(只考虑单方面) 5.3 编码、解码、回忆 6.8 评估与判断(综合考虑多方面) 7 评估、计算、换算 运动(Psychomotor) 0 不存在运动 1 说话 2.2 离散的行为(按按钮、开关等) 2.6 连续调整 4.6 手动操纵 5.8 离散的调节(转动旋钮、调整等) 6.5 符号产生(书写) 7 序列离散的手动操纵(键盘输入) 
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表 2 VACP评定值与等级的映射关系
Table 2. Mapping relationship between VACPevaluation values and ranks
等级 无 低 中 高 赋值 0 0.42 0.83 1.25 评定值 0 1~3 3~5 5~7
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表 3 OWL/TMR/TAWL/时间线分析结果
Table 3. Results of OWL/TMR/TAWL/timeline-analysis
时间/s 工作负荷 OWL TMR模型 TAWL模型 时间线分析模型 0 24.17 7.65 9.60 10.07 300 62.50 109.36 141.13 97.98 600 85.83 117.45 109.67 106.35 900 82.92 111.11 185.00 101.62 1 200 81.25 124.39 98.47 95.95 1 500 59.58 36.84 69.07 86.48 1 730 92.50 80.14 118.43 65.51
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表 4 整体工作负荷与各个通道工作负荷的相关性分析
Table 4. Correlation analysis between total workload and workload of each channel
多通道 W与V W与A W与C W与P 相关性 0.89 0.179 0.98 0.91
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表 5 各个通道工作负荷之间的相关性分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis between workload of each channel
多通道 V与A V与C V与P A与C A与P C与P 相关性 0.24 0.93 0.63 0.07 0.08 0.85
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