压力传感器动态特性参数不确定度评定

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2017.0636

北京航空航天大学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 1672-1681.doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2017.0636

压力传感器动态特性参数不确定度评定

姚贞建¹, 王中宇¹, 王辰辰², 左思然¹

1. 北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院, 北京 100083;
2. 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所, 北京 100095

收稿日期:2017-10-17 修回日期:2017-11-17 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-08-29
通讯作者: 王中宇 E-mail:mewan@126.com
作者简介:姚贞建,男,博士研究生。主要研究方向:压力传感器动态校准技术、信号处理;王中宇,男,博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:光电技术及其应用、动态测量基础理论与技术;王辰辰,男,硕士。主要研究方向:压力传感器动态校准技术;左思然,女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:动态测量技术及其应用。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51575032）

Uncertainty evaluation for dynamic characteristic parameters of pressure sensors

YAO Zhenjian¹, WANG Zhongyu¹, WANG Chenchen², ZUO Siran¹

1. School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Changcheng Institute of Metrology & Measurement, Aviation Industry Corporation of China Ltd., Beijing 100095, China

Received:2017-10-17 Revised:2017-11-17 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-29
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51575032)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 压力传感器动态特性参数的不确定度是表征其动态测量性能的重要指标。提出了一种压力传感器动态特性参数的不确定度评定方法。首先，使用激波管动态校准系统产生阶跃压力信号激励压力传感器，得到传感器的输出信号；其次，采用基于经验模态分解（EMD）的传感器输出信号预处理方法，减小动态校准过程中噪声的影响；然后，根据传感器的输入输出信号，采用自适应最小二乘法建立压力传感器的数学模型，进而得到其时频域动态特性参数；最后，针对重复校准实验得到的动态特性参数序列的小样本特点，采用自助法计算参数的扩展不确定度和相对不确定度。采用激波管系统对压力传感器进行多次重复动态校准实验，计算时频域动态特性参数的不确定度，并与现有方法进行对比。实验结果表明：本文方法可以弥补贝塞尔法在处理小样本量数据中的不足，且与蒙特卡罗法的不确定度评定结果相对误差小于10%，说明本文方法可以有效地评定压力传感器动态特性参数的不确定度。分析时频域动态特性参数的相对不确定度得到传感器的工作频带和超调量受噪声的影响较大，为动态校准实验条件的改善提供了重要依据。

关键词: 压力传感器, 动态校准, 不确定度, 数学模型, 激波管

Abstract: The uncertainty of dynamic characteristic parameters of pressure sensors is an important index to characterize its dynamic measurement performance. A method is proposed to evaluate the uncertainty of the sensor's dynamic characteristic parameters. Firstly, a shock tube dynamic calibration system is used to generate step pressure to excite the pressure sensor, and output signal of pressure sensor is obtained. Secondly, a preprocessing method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is applied to reduce the influence of noise on output signals. Thirdly, an adaptive least squares method is performed to establish the mathematical model for pressure sensor based on its input and output signals, and the dynamic characteristic parameters in both time and frequency domains can be derived from the model. Finally, in consideration of the small sample feature of the parameter sequences in the repeated calibration experiments, the bootstrap method is applied to calculate the expanded uncertainty and relative uncertainty of these parameters. A set of dynamic calibration experiments for a pressure sensor are carried out with shock tube system. The uncertainties of dynamic characteristic parameters in both time and frequency domains are calculate and the results are compared with the existing methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method makes up the defect of the Bessel method in evaluating the sequence with small sample size. The relative errors of uncertainty results between the proposed method and Monte-Carlo method are less than 10%. It demonstrates that the proposed method works effectively in evaluating the uncertainty of pressure sensor's dynamic characteristic parameters. In addition, the analysis of the relative uncertainty evaluation results of the dynamic characteristic parameters in both time and frequency domains show that the work frequency band and overshoot are susceptible to the noises, and it can provide significant reference for the improvement of the dynamic calibration experiment conditions.

Key words: pressure sensor, dynamic calibration, uncertainty, mathematical model, shock tube

中图分类号:

V241
TH823

姚贞建, 王中宇, 王辰辰, 左思然. 压力传感器动态特性参数不确定度评定[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2018, 44(8): 1672-1681.

YAO Zhenjian, WANG Zhongyu, WANG Chenchen, ZUO Siran. Uncertainty evaluation for dynamic characteristic parameters of pressure sensors[J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS AND A, 2018, 44(8): 1672-1681.

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压力传感器动态特性参数不确定度评定

Uncertainty evaluation for dynamic characteristic parameters of pressure sensors

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