基于CFD的10 cm氙离子推力器阳极推进剂供给方式优化

胡竟; 杨福全; 郭德洲; 高俊; 郑茂繁

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0484

基于CFD的10 cm氙离子推力器阳极推进剂供给方式优化

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0484

胡竟^{1, 2, ,},
杨福全¹,
郭德洲¹,
高俊¹,
郑茂繁¹

1.
兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室, 兰州 730000
2.
北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

民用航天预先研究项目 D010509

国家自然科学基金 61601210

详细信息

作者简介:
胡竟男, 博士研究生, 工程师。主要研究方向:放电等离子电推力器技术与磁性材料应用

通讯作者:
胡竟. E-mail: hjing37615486@163.com

中图分类号: V439⁺.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-20

Optimization of anode propellant allocation manner of 10 cm xenon ion thruster based on CFD

1.
Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

Funds:

Civil Space Advance Research Project D010509

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61601210

More Information

Corresponding author: HU Jing. E-mail:hjing37615486@163.com

摘要

摘要:
离子推力器阳极推进剂在放电室内的浓度分布及其变化梯度的设计是放电室放电模式可靠性设计的关键技术之一，直接影响到放电室内推进剂的电离效率及放电稳定性。针对航天器在轨多目标飞行任务对10 cm氙离子推力器的应用需求，为提高10 cm氙离子推力器放电室空腔内阳极推进剂供给的均匀性，实现推进剂利用率的有效提升，运用计算流体动力学（CFD）理论，建立了包括阳极推进剂、进气管和分配环在内的CFD阳极环模型，研究了未发生气体放电情况下，不同供给方式时阳极环内阳极推进剂的压强与流速变化情况。在此基础上，分析了阳极推进剂供给方式对10 cm氙离子推力器放电室空腔内阳极推进剂分布特性的影响作用关系。将优化前后的阳极环在10 cm氙离子推力器中进行了性能对比，结果表明：优化后阳极推进剂电离损耗由277.9 W/A降至241.2 W/A，放电室阳极推进剂利用率由91.7%提升至98.4%，验证了CFD计算结果的正确性与方法的可行性。研究结果为离子推力器放电室拓扑结构设计与优化提供了方法。
- 计算流体力学(CFD) /
- 10 cm氙离子推力器 /
- 阳极推进剂 /
- 供给方式 /
- 电离损耗 /
- 推进剂利用率
Abstract:
The concentration distribution of anode propellant in discharge chamber and its gradient design is one of the most important techniques in discharging mode reliability design, and it directly influences the ionization efficiency and discharge stability of anode propellant. Aimed at the application requirement of multi-objective attitude and orbit control of spacecraft for 10 cm xenon ion thruster, by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, the CFD model for analyzing the propellant allocation manner is established, which consists of the propellant, the inner tube and the distribution ring. The pressure and velocity distribution rules of anode-ring propellant in different allocation manners were studied without discharge progress to ameliorate circumferential uniformity of propellant in 10 cm xenon ion thruster discharge chamber and improve its utilization efficiency. On this basis, the influences of anode propellant allocation manner on the propellant distribution characteristics in discharge chamber were analyzed. And the performance of anode-ring before and after optimization in 10 cm xenon ion thruster are compared. The results show that after the improvement of the anode propellant allocation manner, the ion production cost drops from 277.9 W/A to 241.2 W/A, and the propellant utilization efficiency in discharge chamber increases from 91.7% to 98.4%, which verify the correctness of CFD calculation results and the feasibility of the CFD method. The results of this research will certainly provide method for the topological structure design and optimization of the discharge chamber of ion thruster.
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) /
- 10 cm xenon ion thruster /
- anode propellant /
- allocation manner /
- ion production cost /
- propellant utilization efficiency

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图 1 10cm氙离子推力器工作原理

Figure 1. Working principle of 10cm xenon ion thruster

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图 2 阳极环结构分解示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of structural decomposition of anode-ring

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图 3 阳极推进剂供给方案

Figure 3. Propellant allocation scheme of anode

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图 4 不同规格阳极环出口处阳极推进剂流速与压强分布

Figure 4. Velocity and pressure distribution of anode propellant at exit for different types of anode-ring

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图 5 两种不同规格阳极环下放电室阳极推进剂压强分布

Figure 5. Pressure distribution of anode propellant in chamber for two types of anode-ring

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图 6 10cm氙离子推力器产品外观

Figure 6. Product appearance of 10cm xenon ion thruster

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图 7 两种不同规格阳极环的分配环实物图

Figure 7. Picture of distribution ring for two types of anode-ring

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图 8 0.5kW级离子推力器性能测试设备

Figure 8. Performance testing equipment for 0.5kWclass ion thruster

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图 9 单管双环侧喷结构阳极环下的离子推力器工作状态

Figure 9. Operation state of propellant distributor of thruster with dual-stage side ejecting anode-ring

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表 1 两种不同规格阳极环下离子推力器工作性能对比

Table 1. Thrust operation performance comparison of two types of anode-ring

参数	单管单环直喷结构	单管双环侧喷结构
功率/W	598	592
推力/mN	19.9	20.7
效率/%	59.6	62.2
放电室阳极推进剂利用率/%	91.7	98.4
电离损耗/(W·A^-1)	277.9	241.2

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