Optimized charging method of lithium-ion batteries based on dynamic characteristics of electrodes
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摘要:
针对电动汽车快速充电存在的问题,分别对锂离子电池正、负极充放电特性进行研究,提出了优化充电方案。以负极析锂抑制为边界条件,获得正、负极在不同状态(SOC)下的最大允许充放电电流,建立了充电过程能耗和充电时间目标函数,以最大允许充电电流为约束条件,利用粒子群算法得到最优多阶段恒流充电电流序列。结果表明:与1 C恒流充电相比,电池充入相同容量时,优化充电时间减少约26.5%,34 min即可充电至80%SOC;与优化充电电流序列的平均电流恒流充电相比,优化充电能耗降低约1.5%。
Abstract:Aiming at the problems existing in the fast charging of electric vehicles, the charging and discharging characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are well studied. And an optimized charging protocol are proposed. The maximum allowable charging current rates of positive and negative electrodes have been determined under different state of charge (SOC) with the boundary condition of none lithium-metal deposition in negative electrode. The charging energy consumption and charging time model is established for the full cell charging process. And the optimal charging current pattern is obtained for the full cell by employing the particle swarm optimization method and constraining the maximum allowable charging current of each electrode. The results demonstrate that the battery can be charged from 0% to 80% SOC within 34 minutes using the optimal charging current pattern, and the charging time can be reduced by about 26.5% when compared to that of 1 C constant-current charging. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of battery can be reduced by about 1.5% with the optimized charging current pattern, when compared to the constant-current charging pattern using its average value.
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表 1 0.5 C倍率下全电池二阶等效电路模型参数
Table 1. Model parameters of full-cell second-order equivalent circuit at 0.5 C rate
SOC/% Rohm/Ω Rp1/Ω Cp1/F Rp2/Ω Cp2/F 10 0.001 5 0.001 3 17 483 0.000 10 8 839 20 0.001 3 0.000 66 21 249 0.000 074 13 505 30 0.001 2 0.000 63 23 938 0.000 080 15 093 40 0.001 2 0.000 60 25 936 0.000 091 13 779 50 0.001 2 0.000 69 23 618 0.000 097 14 300 60 0.001 2 0.000 97 22 492 0.000 11 13 299 70 0.001 2 0.000 63 28 067 0.000 12 12 520 80 0.001 2 0.000 63 26 217 0.000 12 10 588 90 0.001 0 0.000 50 27 683 0.000 10 11 407 表 2 优化充电与传统充电方法时间和能耗对比
Table 2. Comparison of charging time and energy consumption between optimized charging method and traditional charging method
充电方法 充电时间/s 充电能耗/J 1 C恒流 2 779 平均优化电流恒流 46 932 优化充电 2 042 46 226 -
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