警觉性光环境对飞行认知任务表现的影响

陈彦蒿; 余隋怀; 初建杰; 寸文哲

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0124

警觉性光环境对飞行认知任务表现的影响

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0124

西北工业大学工业设计与人机工效工信部重点实验室, 西安 710072

基金项目:

国防科技基础加强计划技术领域基金 2020-JCJQ-JJ-439

高等学校学科创新引智计划 B13044

详细信息

通讯作者:
初建杰, E-mail: cjj@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R857.13
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-16
- 录用日期: 2021-04-24
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-20

Effect of alertness light environment on flight cognitive task performance

Key Laboratory of Industrial Design and Ergonomics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Funds:

National Defense Science and Technology Foundation Strengthening Program Technology Field Fund Project of China 2020-JCJQ-JJ-439

Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities B13044

More Information

Corresponding author: CHU Jianjie, E-mail: cjj@nwpu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
从飞行认知任务的主客观表现测试了单色蓝光和3组富蓝多色光对飞行认知任务警觉性水平变化的影响。客观实验评测包括飞行主辅任务测量和信息检视任务测量，分别从计算力及记忆力水平，判断力、寻错力及逻辑力水平，获取4组警觉性光环境下飞行认知任务表现水平的变化情况；主观综合评测通过多维指标的警觉性主观自评量表，运用熵权TOPSIS法建立主观综合评价模型，得到各组光环境下的主观综合评价排序。将主客观的测量结果进行综合分析，结果表明：单色蓝光在飞行主辅任务测量中计算力水平成绩明显高于其他组，4组光环境对记忆力水平均无显著影响；在信息检视任务测量中单色蓝光与富蓝白光对认知表现的提升效应持平，明显高于其他组；整体主观感受方面，富蓝白光综合评价最高。结果可以对驾驶舱警觉性照明设计提供指导。
- 人机工效学 /
- 警觉性 /
- 富蓝光 /
- 认知疲劳 /
- 综合评价
Abstract:
The effects of monochromatic blue light and three groups of blue-enriched light on the change of alert level of flight cognitive tasks were tested from the subjective and objective performance of flight cognitive tasks. Objective experimental evaluation, including the measurement of flight main and secondary tasks and information inspection tasks, obtains the changes of the performance level of flight cognitive tasks in four alert light environments from the level of calculation and memory, judgment, error finding and logic. Subjective comprehensive evaluation is based on the alertness subjective evaluation scale of multi-dimensional indicators, the subjective comprehensive evaluation model is established using entropy weight TOPSIS method, and the subjective comprehensive evaluation ranking under each group of light environment is obtained. The results of the subjective and objective measurement were analyzed. The results show that the calculation force level of monochromatic blue light is significantly higher than that of other groups in the measurement of main and secondary missions, and the four groups of light environment have no significant influence on memory level. In the information inspection task measurement, the enhancement effects of monochromatic blue light and blue-enriched white light on cognitive performance are the same, which are significantly higher than those of other groups. In terms of overall subjective feeling, the comprehensive evaluation of blue-enriched white light is the highest, and the results can provide guidance for the design of cockpit warning lighting.
- ergonomics /
- alertness /
- blue-enriched light /
- cognitive fatigue /
- comprehensive evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 仪表指针判定方案设计示例

Figure 1. Design example of instrument pointer decision scheme

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图 2 多信息界面判定方案设计示例

Figure 2. Multi-information interface decision scheme design example

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图 3 实验光源光谱图

Figure 3. Spectrogram of experimental light source

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图 4 实验流程测试顺序

Figure 4. Experimental procedure and test sequence

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图 5 计算力测试题目反应时

Figure 5. Response time of calculation ability test questions

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图 6 计算力测试总正确率

Figure 6. Total accuracy of calculation ability test

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图 7 信息检视题目反应时

Figure 7. Response time of information inspection questions

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图 8 信息检视总正确率

Figure 8. Total accuracy of information inspection

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图 9 逻辑力总反应时离散化结果

Figure 9. Results of discretization for total response time of logic abilities

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图 10 主观评价指标结果

Figure 10. Subjective evaluation index results

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表 1 飞行主辅任务设计

Table 1. Flight primary and secondary task design

主任务	辅任务1	辅任务2	辅任务1-1
飞行驾驶与操纵	词汇记忆	数字阶梯层减计算	词汇回忆并口述

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表 2 仪表判读区间

Table 2. Instrument interpretation interval

仪表名称	下限限制范围	正常适用范围	上限限制范围
燃油温度表	< -32℃	-32~38℃	>38℃
机舱高度表(内圈)	< 2.8(1 000)ft	< 7.45psi
压差指示器(外圈)		< 7.80psi	>2.8(1 000)ft
机舱爬升率指示器	下降	0.3~2.5(1 000)fpm 0.6 ~3.3(1 000)fpm	爬升
注：ft为长度单位，英尺, 1 ft=0.304 8 m；psi为压强单位，磅力/平方英寸, 1 psi=6 894.76 Pa；fpm为英制风速单位，英尺/分钟, 1 fpm=5.08×10^-3 m/s。

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表 3 界面综合判读区间

Table 3. Interfacial comprehensive interpretation interval

界面信息	异常设置	按键响应	读数规则
空速	≥400 km/h	1	指针方向固定，空速带上下移动
横滚角	≥20°	2	侧滑指示器静止，指针及半弧刻度以飞机中心为圆心旋转
俯仰角	≥20°	3	飞机中心点静止，俯仰带上下移动
航向角	≥45°	4	指针方向固定，航道指示器表盘转动
气压高度	≥3.00 km	5	指针静止，气压带上下移动

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表 4 实验光源基本参数

Table 4. Basic parameters of experimental light source

光环境组序	波长/nm	照度/lx	辐照度/ (μW·cm^-2)
1	451	50.18	0.152
2	451+633	50.08	0.072
3	451+516	50.62	0.038
4	451+516+633	50.47	0.031

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表 5 计算力测试实验分析结果

Table 5. Experimental analysis results of calculation ability test

光环境组序	总反应时 (M±SD)/s	最短总用时/s	最长总用时/s
1	11.10±1.71	6.69	13.18
2	13.89±2.33	9.77	16.60
3	19.09±4.48	13.70	28.66
4	12.47±1.46	9.78	14.86

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表 6 信息检视测试结果

Table 6. Information inspection of test results

光环境组序	判断力反映时 (M±SD)/s	寻错力反应时 (M±SD)/s	逻辑力反应时 (M±SD)/s	总反应时 (M±SD)/s
1	81.59±3.94	34.06±3.32	78.27±2.93	193.94±6.17
2	104.10±6.97	41.68±3.85	87.98±6.94	233.76±12.08
3	98.15±11.29	35.48±7.09	92.43±30.57	226.08±37.01
4	87.05±4.48	35.40±2.85	80.77±3.83	204.00±6.41

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表 7 指标权重及最优、最劣解

Table 7. Index weight and the positive and negative ideal solutions

权重/最优解/最劣解	警觉度N₁	活跃度N₂	清醒度N₃	兴奋度N₄	敏感度N₅	专注度N₆	响应度N₇	舒适度N₈	喜好度N₉	愉悦度N₁₀
w	0.10	0.08	0.15	0.12	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.08
z⁺	0.10	0.06	0.15	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.06
z^-	0.01	0.01	0.09	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0	0.01	0.01

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表 8 综合排序

Table 8. Comprehensive ranking

光环境组序	正理想解距离d⁺	负理想解距离d^-	相对贴近度C
1	0.10	0.13	0.57
2	0.11	0.09	0.45
3	0.13	0.07	0.35
4	0.07	0.13	0.65

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