Applications of X-ray pulsar based navigation in high precision orbit estimation
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摘要: X射线脉冲星导航系统(XNAV,X-ray Pulsar Based Navigation)能够为航天器提供自主的定位服务,但是XNAV存在精度较差,且受航天器钟差和脉冲星时间模型误差的影响而产生近似常值偏差的缺点.分析与仿真指出,在采用XNAV单独导航时需要2颗脉冲星可达到完全观测,而采用XNAV和星间观测的组合导航时仅需要1颗脉冲星即可达到完全观测,同时组合导航能够将轨道修正的精度提高10倍以上,并将由于常值偏差造成的估计误差抑制在0.2 m以内.在现实的噪声设定下,采用标准XNAV单独进行轨道修正,仅需要两颗脉冲星即可取得50 m以内的估计精度;而采用组合导航时,在单脉冲星的导航方案下,系统的估计精度为5 m以内.分析结果表明:基于单脉冲星导航的组合导航,是一种高精度、低需求,容易实现的卫星轨道估计方案.Abstract: X-ray pulsar based navigation (XNAV) can provide spacecrafts with autonomous positioning service. The accuracy of standard XNAV is coarse, in addition to that the pulsar timing model error and clock error can cause an approximate static bias in measurement error. Simulation results shows that 2 pulsars are needed to achieve total observability when using XNAV alone; and only 1 pulsar is needed when using integrated navigation with XNAV and cross-link measurement. Integrated navigation can also improve the positioning accuracy by over 10 times, and limit the estimation error caused by the static bias to under 0.2 meters. With realistic noise settings, using only standard XNAV in orbit estimation, a positioning accuracy within 50 meters can be acquired with only 2 pulsars. When using integrated navigation with cross-link measurement, the single pulsar navigation plan can achieve a positioning accuracy of 5 meters, proving that integrated navigation with single pulsar in standard XNAV is an autonomous navigation method with high precision, low requirement and relatively easier to implement.
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Key words:
- X-ray pulsar /
- satellite /
- autonomous navigation /
- single pulsar navigation /
- Kalman filter
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