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摘要:
基于压电驱动原理和超声波近场悬浮技术，提出了一种可同时承受径向和轴向载荷的超声悬浮轴承方案。此方案只依靠单一激励源即可实现双向支承，结构紧凑，控制简单。为准确预测超声轴承的工作频率和声阻抗，建立了超声轴承的声阻抗网络模型；利用有限元分析（FEA）方法，对超声轴承径向和轴向辐射面的振幅进行了仿真计算；研制了超声悬浮轴承原理样机并开展了轴承悬浮承载能力测试实验。实验结果表明:超声悬浮轴承具有良好的悬浮效果，可承受较大的径向载荷和一定的轴向载荷。此类超声轴承的研究可为未来新型轴承结构的研发开拓新的思路。
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关键词:
- 非接触式轴承 /
- 超声悬浮 /
- 压电驱动 /
- 换能器 /
- 有限元分析 (FEA)
Abstract:An ultrasonic bearing that can support radial and axial loads simultaneously is proposed based on piezoelectric-driven principle and ultrasonic levitation technology. Supporting in two directions can be achieved only relying on single excitation source, which brings about compact structure and simple control. To predict the ultrasonic bearing's working frequency and acoustic impedance, acoustic impedance network of ultrasonic bearing is modeled. Finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to calculate the amplitude on radiating surface of the ultrasonic bearing. In order to verify the ultrasonic bearing's performance, a prototype is developed and levitating capability experiments are conducted. Results in the experiments demonstrate that the ultrasonic bearing shows good suspending performance and is able to support larger radial loads and certain axial loads simultaneously. The design of this kind of ultrasonic bearing will open up a new way to develop novel bearing structure in the future.
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图 2 超声轴承声阻抗网络模型
ZL1~ZL4—第1段~第4段水平特征阻抗; ZL5L—第5段水平纵振特征阻抗; ZfrantL—辐射面纵振负载阻抗; ZC1~ZC4—第1段~第4段竖直特征阻抗; ZL5F—第5段水平弯振特征阻抗; ZC5L—第5段竖直纵振特征阻抗; ZC5F—第5段竖直弯振特征阻抗; ZfrantF—辐射面弯振负载阻抗; Zback—后盖板负载阻抗; v1—后盖板后端面振速; vSB—螺栓螺帽振速; U—陶瓷叠堆激励电压; I—流经陶瓷的电流; p—陶瓷片数目; C0—陶瓷片静态截止电容; N—陶瓷输出电压与输入电压之比; NL—输出与输入纵振力之比; NF—输出与输入弯振力之比。
Figure 2. Acoustic impedance network model of ultrasonic bearing
图 4 超声轴承声阻抗理论值与测试值
Figure 4. Theoretical and testing values of ultrasonic bearing's acoustic impedance
图 5 超声轴承凹面及侧面振幅
Figure 5. Amplitudes of ultrasonic bearing at concave surface and lateral surface
图 7 超声轴承输出振幅仿真结果
Figure 7. Simulation results of ultrasonic bearing's output amplitude
图 8 超声轴承悬浮承载力测量原理
Figure 8. Measuring principle of ultrasonic bearing's levitating ability
图 9 径向悬浮质量与悬浮高度的关系
Figure 9. Relation between levitating mass and height in radial direction
图 10 悬浮质量为63 g时的径向悬浮高度曲线
Figure 10. Radial levitating height curve when levitating mass is 63 g
图 11 轴向悬浮质量与悬浮高度的关系
Figure 11. Relation between levitating mass and height in axial direction
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