-
摘要:
结合复杂网络理论,从能量的角度分析了航空网络的功能自愈机理,并研究了航空网络在不同增长机制下的自愈特性。首先,将网络结构划分为自愈结构与耦合结构,并针对航空网络3种增长机制进行了分析和抽象建模;然后,从网络全局角度出发研究了美国航空网络在遭受蓄意攻击造成全网功能瘫痪的情况下,网络功能的恢复鲁棒性和网络增长对网络自愈能力的影响。研究表明,美国航空网络具有较好的恢复鲁棒性,接近80%的机场在受到能量冲击造成的短暂失效后具有功能自愈能力。航空网络不同的增长机制对网络的自愈能力有着不同的影响。结果证实,为完善航空网络而建立的机场群,由于其较大的连接需求,加大了网络区域密度,复杂了网络拓扑结构,降低了网络的自愈能力;而小型机场的增加不会影响网络整体的自愈能力。
Abstract:Based on the theory of complex networks, this paper analyzes the functional self-healing mechanism of aviation network from the energy perspective, and studies the self-healing characteristics under different growth mechanisms. Firstly, network structure was divided into self-healing structure and coupling structure, and three kinds of growth mechanisms of the aviation network were analyzed and modelled abstractively. Then, the impact of the recovery robustness of network function and the network growth on network self-healing ability was analyzed in the case of the collapse of the whole network function caused by the deliberate attack on the American aviation network. The research shows that the American aviation network has good recovery robustness, and almost 80% of the airports have self-healing ability after short failure caused by energy shock. However, the different growth patterns of aviation networks have different effects on the self-healing ability of the network. The results confirm that construction of airport groups, which greatly increase network density and make network topology complex due to large connection demand, will reduce network self-healing ability, while the increase of small-scale airport will not affect the overall self-healing capacity of the aviation network.
-
-
[1] 莫辉辉, 王姣娥.复杂交通网络:结构、过程与机理[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 2012:121-151.MO H H, WANG J E.Complex transport network:Structure, process & mechanism[M].Beijing:Economy and Management Press, 2012:121-151(in Chinese). [2] NEWMAN M E J.Networks:An introduction[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2010:741-743. [3] CHEN G R, WANG X F, LI X.Introduction to complex networks:Models, structures and dynamics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2012:3-13. [4] 郑啸, 陈建平, 邵佳丽, 等.基于复杂网络理论的北京公交网络拓扑性质分析[J].物理学报, 2012, 61(19):95-105. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/94684X/201219/43635887.htmlZHENG X, CHEN J P, SHAO J L, et al.Analysis on topological properties of Beijing urban public transit based on complex network theory[J].Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(19):95-105(in Chinese). http://www.cqvip.com/QK/94684X/201219/43635887.html [5] REN T, WANG Y F, LIU M M, et al.Analysis of robustness of urban bus network[J].Chinese Physics B, 2016, 25(2):1-12. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=zgwl201602001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [6] 蔡君, 余顺争.一种有效提高无标度网络负载容量的管理策略[J].物理学报, 2013, 62(5):058901. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WLXB201315002.htmCAI J, YU S Z.An efficient management strategy for enhancing traffic capacity in scale-free networks[J].Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(5):058901(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WLXB201315002.htm [7] LIU H R, DONG M R, YIN R R, et al.Cascading failure in the wireless sensor scale-free networks[J].Chinese Physics B, 2015, 24(5):293-299. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=zgwl201505034&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [8] WANG X, WANG Y, ZHU L, et al.A novel approach to characterize information radiation in complex networks[J].Physica A Statistical Mechanics & Its Applications, 2016, 452(1-3):95-105. doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.01.076 [9] BARRAT A, BARTHELEMY M, VESPIGNANI A, et al.The architecture of complex weighted networks:Measurements and models[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003, 101(11):3747. [10] COLIZZA V, BARRAT A, BARTHELEMY M, et al.Prediction and predictability of global epidemics:The role of the airline transportation network[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 103(7):2015-2020. http://www.oalib.com/paper/3260663 [11] AMARA L A N, SCALA A, BARTHELEMY M, et al.Classes of small-world networks[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97(21):11149-11152. doi: 10.1073/pnas.200327197 [12] GUIMERA R, MOSSA S, TURTSCHI A, et al.Structure and efficiency of the world-wide airport network[J].Polymers & Polymer Composites, 2003, 11(4):7794-7799. https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/structure-efficiency-worldwide-airport-network/ [13] GAUTREAU A, BARRAT A, BARTHELEMY M, et al.Microdynamics in stationary complex networks[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(22):8847-8852. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811113106 [14] CHI L P, WANG R, SU H, et al.Structural properties of US flight network[J].Chinese Physics Letters, 2003, 20(8):1393-1396. doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/20/8/362 [15] LI W, CAI X.Statistical analysis of airport network of China[J].Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics, 2004, 69(2):046106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15169068 [16] CAI K Q, ZHANG J, DU W B, et al.Analysis of the Chinese air route network as a complex network[J].Chinese Physics B, 2012, 21(2):596-602. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=zgwl201202090&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [17] NAKASHIMA S, MITANI T, SENZAKI J, et al.Characterization and modeling of weighted networks[J].Physica A Statistical Mechanics & Its Applications, 2005, 346(1-2):34-43. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437104011598 [18] BARRAT A, BARTHELEMY M, VESPIGNANI A.The effects of spatial constraints on the evolution of weighted complex networks[J].Journal of Statistical Mechanics:Theory and Experiment, 2005(5):799-803. https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/effects-spatial-constraints-evolution-weighted-complex-networks/ [19] CHEN S M, XUI Y F, NIE S.Robustness of network controllability in cascading failure[J].Physica A Statistical Mechanics & Its Applications, 2017, 471(1):536-539. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437116310299 [20] WANG J W.Robustness of complex networks with the local protection strategy against cascading failure[J].Safety Science, 2013, 53:219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2012.09.011 [21] MAJDANDZIC A, PODOBNIK B, BULDYREV S V, et al.Spontaneous recovery in dynamical networks[J].Nature Physics, 2014, 10(1):34-38. doi: 10.1038/nphys2819 [22] 刘宏鲲, 周涛.中国城市航空网络的实证研究与分析[J].物理学报, 2007, 56(l):106-112. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WLXB200701016.htmLIU H K, ZHOU T.Empirical study of Chinese city airline network[J].Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(l):106-112(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WLXB200701016.htm [23] MOTTER A E, LAI Y C.Cascade-based attacks on complex networks[J].Physical Review E, 2002, 66(6):065102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.065102 [24] WANG J W, RONG L L, ZHANG L, et al.Attack vulnerability of scale-free networks due to cascading failures[J].Physica A Statistical Mechanics & Its Applications, 2008, 387(26):6671-6678. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437108007541 [25] YANG R, WANG W X, LAI Y C, et al.Optimal weighting scheme for suppressing cascades and traffic congestion in complex networks[J].Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics, 2009, 79(2Pt2):026112. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19391811 [26] BARABASI A L, ALBERT R.Emergence of scaling in random networks[J].Science, 1999, 286(5439):509-512. doi: 10.1126/science.286.5439.509 [27] 池丽平. 遭袭复杂网络的修复策略与关联特性研究[D]. 武汉: 华中师范大学, 2006: 58-69. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd-10511-2006079480.htmCHI L P. On the repair strategy and correlation properties of complex networks under attacks[D]. Wuhan: Central China Normal University, 2006: 58-69(in Chinese). http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd-10511-2006079480.htm