Experimental study on mass flow measurement of solid particles using electrostatic sensors
-
摘要:
航空发动机气路和排放尾气中固体颗粒物的监测有助于提高相关设备故障的识别和预警能力。采用3种不同形式的静电传感器测量方形管道中固体颗粒质量流量,并对其测量准确度进行了对比分析。3种静电传感器在4种输送气流速度和4种固体颗粒质量流量组合成的16种工况下测量了稀相固体颗粒的静电信号,并利用静电信号强度和固体颗粒速度进行了全工况固体颗粒质量流量标定。实验结果表明:方环形静电电极的平均测量偏差最大,侵入式条状静电电极阵列在质量流量较低时的测量偏差最小,非侵入式条状静电电极阵列在质量流量较高时的测量偏差最小。
Abstract:The monitoring of solid particles in the aero-engine gas path and exhaust emissions improves the ability of fault identification and early warning of related equipment. Three different types of electrostatic sensors are used in this study to measure the mass flow of solid particles in square gas-solid path and the measurement results are compared and analyzed. The experimental tests were conducted under sixteen dilute phase conditions of four conveying gas velocities and four mass flow of solid particles. The magnitude of electrostatic signals and the velocity of particles are used to evaluate the mass flow of particles under all the test conditions. The comparison results show that the square ring electrostatic electrode array has the highest average measurement standard deviation, the intrusive strip electrostatic electrode array has the smallest one under low mass flow rate conditions. The non-intrusive strip electrostatic sensor provides the best measurement performance (the lowest standard deviation) when the mass flow is high.
-
表 1 三种静电传感器截面平均参数计算
Table 1. Cross-sectional average parameter calculation using three types of electrostatic sensors
静电传感器 va ARMS, a Ⅰ vA ARMS, A Ⅱ (vA+vB+…+vL)/12 ARMS, A+ARMS, B+…+ARMS, L Ⅲ (vA+vB+…+vI)/9 ARMS, A+ARMS, B+…+ARMS, I 表 2 实验条件
Table 2. Experimental condition
固体颗粒质量流量/(g·s-1) 输送气流速度/(m·s-1) V1=19 V2=23 V3=27 V4=31 M1=0.56 V1M1 V2M1 V3M1 V4M1 M2=1.11 V1M2 V2M2 V3M2 V4M2 M3=1.67 V1M3 V2M3 V3M3 V4M3 M4=2.22 V1M4 V2M4 V3M4 V4M4 -
[1] CHEN Z S, TANG X, HU Z, et al.Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2014, 27(4):812-820. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2014.03.019 [2] SUN J Z, ZUO H F, LIU P P, et al.Experimental study on engine gas-path component fault monitoring using exhaust gas electrostatic signal[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2013, 24(12):125107. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/24/12/125107 [3] WEN Z H, HOU J X, ATKIN J.A review of electrostatic monitoring technology:The state of the art and future research derections[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2017, 94(6):1-11. [4] ZHENG Y, LIU Q.Review of techniques for the mass flow rate measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids[J]. Measurement, 2011, 44(4):589-604. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.01.013 [5] YAN Y.Mass flow measurement of bulk solids in pneumatic pipelines[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 1996, 7(12):1687-1706. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/7/12/002 [6] WEN Z H, MA X J, ZUO H F.Characteristics analysis and experiment verification of electrostatic sensor for areo-engine exhaust gas monitoring[J]. Measurement, 2014, 47(1):633-644. [7] TANG X, CHEN Z S, LI Y, et al.Analysis of the dynamic sensitivity of hemisphere-shaped electrostatic sensor's circular array for charged particle monitoring[J]. Sensors, 2016, 16(9):1403. doi: 10.3390/s16091403 [8] ADDABBO T, FORT A, GARBIN R, et al.Theoretical characterization of a gas path debris detection monitoring system based on electrostatic sensors and charge amplifiers[J]. Measurement, 2015, 64(1):138-146. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=2810e07c0f75bcb1d10863bbaa95c928 [9] LI J, FU F F, LI S, et al.Velocity characterization of dense phase pneumatically conveyed solid particles in horizontal pipeline through an integrated electrostatic sensor[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2015, 76:198-211. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2014.11.004 [10] COOMBES J R, YAN Y.Measurement of velocity and concentration profiles of pneumatically conveyed particles using an electrostatic sensor array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2016, 65(5):1139-1148. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2015.2494620 [11] MURNANE S N, BARNES R N, WOODHEAD S R, et al.Electrostatic modelling and measurement of airborne particle concentration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996, 45(2):488-492. doi: 10.1109/19.492773 [12] PENG L H, ZHANG Y, YAN Y.Characterization of electrostatic sensors for flow measurement of particulate solids in square-shaped pneumatic conveying pipelines[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical, 2008, 141(1):59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2007.07.021 [13] JURJEVČIČ B, SENEGAČNIK A, DROBNIČ B, et al.The characterization of pulverized-coal pneumatic transport using an array of intrusive electrostatic sensors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2015, 64(12):3434-3443. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2015.2465731 [14] ZHANG S, YAN Y, QIAN X C, et al.Mathematical modeling and experimental evaluation of electrostatic sensor arrays for the flow measurement of fine particles in a square-shaped pipe[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016, 16(23):8531-8541. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=c180d9746c079ad2eb49bd8e4baabee0 [15] QIAN X C, YAN Y, SHAO J Q, et al.Quantitative characterization of pulverized coal and biomass-coal blends in pneumatic conveying pipelines using electrostatic sensor arrays and data fusion techniques[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2012, 23(8):085307. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/23/8/085307 [16] ZHANG S, QIAN X C, YAN Y, et al.Characterisation of pulverized fuel flow in a square-shaped pneumatic conveying pipe using electrostatic sensor arrays[C]//Proceeding of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2016: 601-605. [17] ZHANG J Y.Air-solids flow measurement using electrostatic techniques[M]//CANBOLAT H.Electrostatics.London: IntechOpen, 2012: 61-80.