Method for screening fine water mist additive based on temperature drop index of lithium-ion battery
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摘要:
为对比细水雾添加剂抑制锂离子电池热失控多米诺效应的效果，提出锂离子电池火灾温降指数模型及其测试方法。利用自主设计的锂离子电池热失控实验平台开展含不同添加剂细水雾抑制多米诺效应实验，确定每种添加剂作用后的温降指数，对每种添加剂的作用机理进行分析。结果表明：加入添加剂后温降指数明显增大，表明添加剂可显著提高细水雾阻断热失控连续传播效果；无机盐类添加剂作用后抑制效果高于表面活性剂类添加剂，主要增强了细水雾的化学灭火作用；进一步对比温降指数发现，几类样品中NH4H2PO4加入后细水雾抑制效果最好。利用温降指数对细水雾添加剂抑制热失控多米诺效应进行评估，为筛选细水雾添加剂灭火剂提供理论基础。
Abstract:In order to compare the effect of fine water mist additive on controlling thermal runaway Domino effect of lithium-ion batteries, the temperature drop index model of lithium-ion battery and its test method are proposed. The self-designed thermal runaway experiment platform of lithium-ion battery was used to conduct the Domino effect suppression experiment of fine water mist containing different additives, determine the temperature drop index after the action of each additive, and analyze the action mechanism of each additive. The results show that the temperature drop index increases obviously after adding the additive, which indicates that the additive can significantly improve the thermal uncontrolled continuous propagation effect of fine water mist. The inhibitory effect of inorganic salt additives is higher than that of surfactant additives, which mainly enhances the chemical fire extinguishing effect of fine water mist. Further comparison of the temperature drop index shows that the effect of fine water mist suppression is the best after NH4H2PO4 is added. The temperature drop index was used to evaluate the thermal runaway domino effect suppression of fine water mist additive, which provides a theoretical basis for screening fine water mist additive fire extinguishing agent.
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图 1 自主设计含添加剂细水雾抑制锂离子电池热失控实验装置
Figure 1. A self-designed experimental device for controlling thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery with fine water mist additive
图 2 未施加细水雾与施加纯水细水雾后两节电池表面温度变化
Figure 2. Surface temperature changes of two batteries without and with pure fine water mist
图 3 不同添加剂作用后第1节电池表面温度随时间的变化
Figure 3. Variation of surface temperature of the first battery with time after application of different additives
图 4 不同添加剂作用后温降指数变化
Figure 4. Change of temperature drop index after application of different additives
表 1 实验用每种添加剂浓度
Table 1. Concentration of each additive used in experiment
添加剂名称 添加剂类型 质量分数/% 纯水细水雾 FC-4 氟碳表面活性剂 0.16 SDBS 碳氢表面活性剂 1.2 NH4H2PO4 无机盐类、热敏性物质 10 NaCl 无机盐类 12 尿素 热敏性物质 0.32 乳酸钠 无机盐类 2.5 KHCO3 无机盐类 5 FeCl2 无机盐类 0.15 
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