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摘要:
针对现有轴承故障研究大多将故障简化为矩形凹槽或圆形凹坑等规则形状，与实际故障形貌存在较大差别的问题，以航空发动机转子系统为研究对象，从滚动轴承的实际故障形貌和复杂转子系统中主轴轴承易失效的客观实际出发，提出了非规则轴承故障的表征方法，并将其引入单转子-轴承系统动力学模型，建立了轴承内外圈非规则故障模型。利用数值计算的方法对含故障轴承转子系统的振动响应进行了分析，并研究了系统轴承在内外圈含有矩形故障和非规则故障的情况下，故障的周向宽度和深度对系统振动的影响规律。针对滚动轴承内外圈中存在的故障轴承损伤，制作了不同位置、大小的故障轴承，并将其引入转子系统开展试验研究，采集了不同旋转频率和故障尺寸下的系统振动数据，通过与数值仿真结果的比较，充分验证了非规则轴承故障动力学模型的正确性。
Abstract:Most of the existing bearing failure researches simplified the failure to regular shapes such as rectangular grooves or circular pits, which were quite different from the actual failure morphology, taking the aero-engine rotor system as the research object, starting from the actual fault morphology of the rolling bearing and the objective reality of the main shaft bearing being prone to failure in the complex rotor system, a method for characterizing the irregular bearing fault was proposed and introduced into the single rotor-bearing system dynamic model, and the irregular failure model of bearing inner and outer rings was established. Using the method of numerical calculation, the vibration response of the rotor system with faults was analyzed, and the influence of the circumferential width and depth of the faults on the system vibration was studied when the system bearings contained rectangular faults and irregular faults in the inner and outer rings. Finally, for the fault damage existing in the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing, fault bearings with different positions and sizes were made and introduced into the rotor system to conduct experimental research, and the system vibration data at different rotation frequencies and fault sizes were collected. The comparison with the numerical simulation results fully verified the correctness of the irregular bearing failure dynamic model.
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Key words:
- aero-engine /
- rolling bearing /
- irregular failure /
- vibration response /
- kinetic model
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图 7 外圈损伤时转子右端垂直振动响应
Figure 7. Vertical vibration response of right end of rotor when outer ring is damaged
图 8 内圈损伤时转子右端垂直振动响应
Figure 8. Vertical vibration response of right end of rotor when inner ring is damaged
图 9 不同故障形貌的外圈故障及其响应
Figure 9. Outer ring faults with different fault topography and their responses
图 10 外圈含不同周向宽度故障时的加速度曲线
Figure 10. Acceleration curves when outer ring contains different circumferential width faults
图 11 外圈故障周向宽度对竖直加速度的影响
Figure 11. Influence of outer ring fault circumferential width on vertical acceleration
图 12 内圈含不同周向宽度故障时的加速度曲线
Figure 12. Acceleration curves when inner ring contains different circumferential width faults
图 13 内圈故障周向宽度对竖直加速度的影响
Figure 13. Influence of inner ring fault circumferential width on vertical acceleration
图 14 外圈含不同深度故障时的加速度曲线
Figure 14. Acceleration curves for outer ring with different depth faults
图 15 外圈故障深度对竖直加速度的影响
Figure 15. Influence of outer ring fault depth on vertical acceleration
图 16 内圈含不同深度故障时的加速度曲线
Figure 16. Acceleration curves for inner ring with different depth faults
图 17 内圈故障深度对竖直加速度的影响
Figure 17. Influence of inner ring fault depth on vertical acceleration
图 21 不同转速下非规则故障周向宽度对竖直加速度的影响(外圈)
Figure 21. Influence of irregular fault width on vertical acceleration at different speeds (outer ring)
图 23 不同转速下非规则故障周向宽度对竖直加速度的影响(内圈)
Figure 23. Influence of irregular fault width on vertical acceleration at different speeds (inner ring)
表 1 滚动轴承主要计算参数
Table 1. Rolling bearing main calculation parameters
参数 2204K NJ204E 外圈滚道半径R/mm 23.5 23.5 内圈滚道半径r/mm 10 10 滚动体直径d/mm 14 14 滚珠数目Z 15 9 赫兹接触刚度Cb/(N·m-3/2) 13.34×109 13.34×109 轴承初始间隙δ0/μm 0 0 
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