Analysis of design principle adaptability to automatic carrier landing system of light plane
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摘要:
在进行自动着舰系统（ACLS）设计时，美军标AR-40A是目前较为常用的参考设计准则，但该准则的要求主要针对F/A-18等Ⅳ类飞机提出，并未说明在应用于Ⅰ类飞机自动着舰系统设计时的适用性。为研究AR-40A在Ⅰ类飞机自动着舰系统设计时的适用性，针对某型飞机及其尺寸缩比率为4的缩比机进行了全自动着舰系统设计。通过飞机-航母-大气环境综合仿真，选取着舰效果较好的全自动着舰系统设计结果，通过对其频域特性曲线分析对比，验证了AR-40A在Ⅰ类飞机自动着舰系统设计中的适用性。通过原型机、缩比机、F/A-18三者的频域特性对比，提出了AR-40A在应用于小型飞机自动着舰系统设计时应进行的低频段、中高频段划分及幅值、相角带宽频率等关键边界要求的修改建议，拓展了该准则的适用范围。
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关键词:
- 小型飞机 /
- 自动着舰系统(ACLS) /
- AR-40A准则 /
- 频域特性 /
- 着舰误差
Abstract:US military standard AR-40A is a frequently used design principle when the automatic carrier landing system (ACLS) is designed. But the principle is mainly aiming at Class Ⅳ, such as F/A-18 and there is no instruction about whether the principle could be adapted in the Class Ⅰ aircraft. In order to explore its adaptability of AR-40A to ACLS of Class Ⅰ aircraft, the ACLS designs on both a certain airplane and its shrunk one with a shrinkage ratio of4 were carried out. A comprehensive simulation about shipboard aircraft, aircraft carrier and the atmospheric environment was done first, then the most satisfying ACLS design result was selected, and finally the frequency-domain characteristics of the results were analyzed and compared. The adaptability of AR-40A to ACLS of Class Ⅰ aircraft has been verified. Based on the comparison of frequency-domain characteristics among prototype aircraft, shrinkage aircraft and F/A-18, the paper proposes some adjustment advice of key border requirements, such as the amplitude bandwidth frequency and phase bandwidth frequency. Meanwhile, the low frequency band and the high frequency band should be categorized when using the ACLS design for the light plane. The effort may help to expand its application sphere.
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图 1 自动着舰系统引导控制结构图
Figure 1. Structure chart of guidance and control of automatic carrier landing system
图 2 原型机和缩比机自动着舰点分布
Figure 2. Touching point distribution of automatic carrier landing for prototype and shrinkage aircrafts
图 3 高度变化率对高度变化率指令的频域特性曲线
Figure 3. Frequency-domain characteristic curves of altitude change rate to altitude change rate instruction
图 4 高度变化率对高度变化率指令的频域边界要求
Figure 4. Frequency-domain boundary requirement of altitude change rate to altitude change rate instruction
图 5 高度对高度指令的频域特性曲线s
Figure 5. Frequency-domain characteristic curves of altitude to altitude instruction
图 6 高度对高度指令的频域边界要求
Figure 6. Frequency-domain boundary requirement of altitude to altitude instruction
图 7 滚转角对滚转角指令的频域特性曲线
Figure 7. Frequency-domain characteristic curves of roll angle to roll angle instruction
图 8 滚转角对滚转角指令的频域边界要求
Figure 8. Frequency-domain boundary requirement of roll angle to roll angle instruction
图 9 侧向位移对侧向位移指令的频域特性曲线
Figure 9. Frequency-domain characteristic curves of lateral displacement to lateral displacement instruction
图 10 侧向位移对侧向位移指令的频域边界要求
Figure 10. Frequency-domain boundary requirement of lateral displacement to lateral displacement instruction
表 1 等效系统模态特性
Table 1. Modal characteristics of equivalent system
运动模态 参数 原型 缩比 短周期 ωn1·Tθ2/rad
ζn12.34
0.877.35
0.71长周期 ζn2 0.09 0.19 荷兰滚 ωd/(rad·s-1)
ζd1.04
0.511.52
0.49滚转收敛 TR/s 0.34 0.17 螺旋 TS/s 30.5 22.8 
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表 2 频域特性设计指标选取
Table 2. Selection of design index for frequency-domain characteristics
频域特性 验证目标 高度变化率对高度变化率指令 纵向飞控系统响应特性 高度对高度指令 纵向着舰引导控制律 滚转角对滚转角指令 侧向飞控系统响应特性 侧向位移对侧向位移指令 侧向着舰引导控制律
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表 3 初始设置条件的改变规则
Table 3. Changing rules of initial settings
分组序号 随机数种子 垂荡位移初始相位集合/rad 横滚角初始相位集合/rad 纵摇角初始相位集合/rad 艏摇角初始相位集合/rad Set 1 23 341 
Set 2 985 
Set 3 985 
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表 4 原型机着舰误差的统计结果
Table 4. Statistical results of carrier landing errors for prototype aircraft
分组序号 纵向平均误差/m 纵向散布误差/m |xerr|＜3.05 m 侧向平均误差/m 侧向散布误差/m |yerr|＜1.22 m Set 1 1.144 0 2.424 8 30/36 0.040 3 0.225 5 36/36 Set 2 2.153 3 1.872 4 20/36 0.006 3 0.311 0 36/36 Set 3 2.117 3 2.161 7 20/36 0.430 5 0.499 8 35/36 均值 1.804 9 2.153 0 70/108 0.159 0 0.345 4 107/108 评价指标[15] ±3.05 ＜7.32 ±1.22 ＜1.52
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表 5 缩比机着舰误差的统计结果
Table 5. Statistical results of carrier landing errors for shrinkage aircraft
分组序号 纵向平均误差/m 纵向散布误差/m |xerr|＜3.05 m 侧向平均误差/m 侧向散布误差/m |yerr|＜1.22 m Set 1 -0.120 7 3.495 8 18/36 -0.975 1 0.553 8 24/36 Set 2 1.082 2 3.095 7 24/36 -0.502 4 0.551 3 34/36 Set 3 3.291 3 3.630 8 15/36 0.190 0 0.433 4 36/36 均值 1.417 6 3.695 8 57/108 -0.429 2 0.703 6 94/108 评价指标[15] ±3.05 ＜7.32 ±1.22 ＜1.52
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