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摘要:
特殊的操稳特性导致常规飞机的低阶等效拟配方法不完全适用于飞翼布局飞机。为保证飞翼布局飞机低阶等效拟配的准确性与成功率，对飞翼布局飞机与常规飞机在气动特性、操纵特性、控制系统设计等方面的差异进行了分析，开展了飞翼布局飞机低阶等效拟配方法研究。通过频域特性分析研究了拟配频率范围对拟配结果的影响；综合飞机的时域响应与拟配结果，对比了常用的方波、"3211"、扫频信号对飞翼布局飞机的适用性，结果表明方波信号更适用于飞翼布局飞机；通过仿真分析了指令信号强度对飞翼布局飞机拟配效果的影响；提出了横向与航向激励指令信号联合适配设计的方法，从而获得更高的横航向拟配成功率。
Abstract:The low-order equivalent methods are aimed at conventional aircraft. They are not suitable for aircraft with flying wings as a result of flying wings' new handing and stability characteristics. To improve the accuracy and success rate of low-order equivalent matching for aircraft with flying wings, the differences between aircraft with flying wings and conventional aircraft in aerodynamic characteristics, manipulation characteristics, and control system design, are analyzed, and then the research on low-order equivalent methods for aircraft with flying wings is undertaken. The influence of matching frequency range on matching result is obtained via frequency domain characteristic analysis. Square wave signal, 3211 signal, and chirp signal are widely used as input signals for low-order equivalent matching. Their applicability is tested in time domain responses and matching results, and the results show that the square wave signal is most suitable for aircraft with flying wings. The influence of signal strength on matching results is investigated via simulation and analysis. A joint-design method is proposed, in which both directional motions and lateral motions are included in lateral-directional motivating command design. The new method can improve success rate for lateral-directional low-order matching.
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图 3 非线性动态逆飞行控制系统结构
Figure 3. Architecture of nonlinear dynamic inverse flight control system
图 5 缩小拟配频率范围后的算例飞机q/F伯德图
Figure 5. q/F Bode diagrams of example aircraft after frequency range reduction
图 6 算例飞机对3种指令信号的迎角响应曲线
Figure 6. Angle of attack response curves of example aircraft to three types of command signals
图 7 算例飞机不同强度下方波指令信号的迎角响应曲线
Figure 7. Angle of attack response curves of example aircraft at different strength of square wave command signal
图 9 算例飞机异号指令响应曲线
Figure 9. Response curves of contrary-sign commands of example aircraft
图 10 算例飞机小幅值偏航轴指令响应曲线
Figure 10. Response curves of small-amplitude yaw axis commands of example aircraft
表 1 算例飞机不同拟配频率范围下的纵向低阶等效拟配结果
Table 1. Longitudinal low-order equivalent matching results of example aircraft under different matching frequency ranges
拟配频率/(rad·s-1) Tθ/s ζsp ωsp/(rad·s-1) τeθ/s τNz/s M 0.1~10 -0.1 75.5 75.5 0.14 0.08 1558.9 0.5~10 0.66 0.77 3.96 0.04 0.03 1.7 
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表 2 算例飞机不同指令信号下的纵向低阶等效拟配结果
Table 2. Longitudinal low-order equivalent matching results of example aircraft under different command signals
指令信号 Tθ/s ζsp ωsp/(rad·s-1) τeθ/s τNz/s M 方波 0.66 0.77 3.96 0.04 0.03 1.7 3211 0.69 0.83 4.29 0.04 0.05 10.7 扫频 3.59 253 85 0.17 -0.02 5 324
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表 3 算例飞机不同强度下方波指令信号的纵向低阶等效拟配结果
Table 3. Longitudinal low-order equivalent matching results of example aircraft under different strength of square wave command signal
幅值 Tθ/s ζsp ωsp /(rad·s -1) τe θ/s τNz/s M 1 0.66 0.77 3.97 0.05 0.03 1.7 2 1.59 153 185 0.07 0.07 2 449
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表 4 算例飞机不同指令时长下方波指令信号的纵向低阶等效拟配结果
Table 4. Longitudinal low-order equivalent matching results of example aircraft under different frequency commands of square wave signal
指令时长/s Tθ/s ζsp ωsp/(rad·s-1) τeθ/s τNz/s M 1 0.66 0.77 3.97 0.05 0.03 1.7 3 0.84 0.60 3.22 0.08 0.10 238.4
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表 5 算例飞机不同指令下横航向低阶等效拟配结果
Table 5. Lateral and directional low-order equivalent matching results of example aircraft under different commands
指令类型 TR/s Ts/s ζd ωd/(rad·s-1) τep/s M 同号指令 0.001 332.1 0.69 3.29 0.16 105.3 异号指令 0.27 500 0.69 4.24 0.07 4.6
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表 6 算例飞机不同偏航轴指令下横航向低阶等效拟配结果
Table 6. Lateral and directional low-order equivalent matching results of example aircraft under different yaw axis commands
βc/(°) TR/s Ts/s ζd ωd/(rad·s-1) τep/s M 0.5 0.01 193.4 0.97 2.81 0.15 108 3 0.27 500 0.69 4.24 0.07 4.6
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