Tongue image segmentation algorithm based on deep convolutional neural network and fully conditional random fields
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摘要:
针对中医舌诊中舌体分割不准确、分割速度较慢且需要人工标定候选区域等问题，提出了一种端到端的舌图像分割算法。与传统舌图像分割算法相比，所提算法可以得到更为准确的分割结果，并且不需要人工操作。首先，使用孔卷积算法，可以在不增加参数的条件下扩大网络的特征图谱。其次，使用孔卷积空间金字塔池化（ASPP）模块，令网络通过不同的感受野学习舌图像的多尺度特征。最后，将深度卷积神经网络（DCNN）和全连接的条件随机场（CRF）相结合，细化分割后的舌体边缘。实验结果表明：所提算法优于传统舌图像分割算法和主流的深度卷积神经网络，具有较高的分割精度，平均交并比达到了95.41%。
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关键词:
- 深度学习 /
- 卷积神经网络(CNN) /
- 语义分割 /
- 舌图像 /
- 条件随机场(CRF)
Abstract:The disadvantage of tongue image segmentation in traditional Chinese medicine are low accuracy, slow segmentation speed and manual calibration of candidate regions.To solve these problems, we propose an end-to-end tongue image segmentation algorithm. Compared with the traditional tongue segmentation algorithm, more accurate segmentation results can be obtained by the proposed method which does not need any manual operation. Firstly, the atrous convolution algorithm is used to increase the feature map of the network without increasing the parameters. Secondly, the atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module is used to enable the network to learn the multi-scale feature of the tongue image through different receptive fields. Finally, the deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) are combined with fully connected conditional random fields (CRF) to refine the edge of the segmented tongue image. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional tongue image segmentation algorithm and popular DCNN with higher segmentation accuracy, and the mean intersection over union reaches 95.41%.
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图 4 数据集原始图像和人工标注的标签
Figure 4. Original images in dataset with corresponding artificial segmentation marks
图 5 不同尺寸和参数的孔卷积MIOU结果
Figure 5. MIOU of atrous convolution with different sizes and parameters
图 9 包含嘴唇部分的舌图像分割结果示例
Figure 9. Examples of segmentation results of tongue image containing lips
图 10 不同算法的舌图像分割结果示例
Figure 10. Examples of tongue image segmentation results by different algorithms
表 1 三个数据集的图片数量
Table 1. Number of images on three datasets
数据集 类型 图片数量 PASCAL VOC 2012 训练 10 582 验证 1 449 测试 1 456 Tongue dataset 1 训练 1 440 测试 250 Tongue dataset 2 训练 160 测试 40 
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表 2 不同尺寸和参数的孔卷积对网络性能的影响
Table 2. Effect of atrous convolution with different size and parameters on network performance
核尺寸 r 参数数量/106 时间/s MIOU/% 7×7 2 134.3 1.57 93.29 5×5 2 94.6 2.47 89.16 3×3 2 20.5 4.92 83.47 3×3 4 20.5 4.92 86.13 3×3 6 20.5 4.92 90.06 3×3 8 20.5 4.92 93.27
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表 3 不同参数的ASPP模块对网络性能的影响
Table 3. Effect of different parameters of ASPP module on network performance
方法 各通道参数 MIOU/% 单分支 8 93.27 ASPP-2 (2, 4, 6, 8) 94.18 ASPP-4 (4, 8, 12, 16) 95.41 ASPP-6 (6, 12, 18, 24) 94.79 ASPP-8 (8, 16, 24, 32) 94.57
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表 4 不同模块对网络性能的影响
Table 4. Effect of different modules on network performance
单分支 ASPP CRF MIOU/% Tongue dataset 1 Tongue dataset 2 √ 92.48 90.87 √ √ 93.27 91.21 √ 94.36 92.54 √ √ 95.41 93.75
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表 5 不同算法在舌图像数据集上的分割结果
Table 5. Segmentation results on tongue image dataset by different algorithms
算法 Tongue dataset 1 Tongue dataset 2 PA/% MPA/% MIOU/% 时间/s PA/% MPA/% MIOU/% 时间/s GrabCut[7] 96.22 95.47 83.89 7.25 96.63 95.38 86.81 6.87 Snake[4] 97.15 96.39 90.43 6.33 98.50 96.71 93.54 6.57 FCN-8s[18] 97.36 96.04 91.37 0.37 96.84 95.27 90.36 0.31 U-net[27] 98.65 96.88 93.69 0.68 97.83 96.19 92.17 0.64 SegNet[20] 99.71 98.09 94.81 0.48 98.02 96.51 92.63 0.42 本文算法 99.85 98.29 95.41 0.83 98.97 97.60 93.75 0.75
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