航空用国产碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料湿热特性

徐伟伟; 文友谊; 顾轶卓; 李博; 涂家祎; 张佐光

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0155

航空用国产碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料湿热特性

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0155

1.
成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司, 成都 610092
2.
北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 U1664250

详细信息

作者简介:
徐伟伟男, 硕士, 工程师。主要研究方向:复合材料制造技术

顾轶卓男, 博士, 副教授。主要研究方向:树脂基复合材料

通讯作者:
顾轶卓，E-mail:benniegu@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V258⁺.3;TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-08
- 录用日期: 2019-06-01
- 网络出版日期: 2020-01-20

Hygrothermal property of domestic carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composites for aeronautic application

1.
Chengdu Aircraft Industrial(Group) Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610092, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China U1664250

More Information

Corresponding author: GU Yizhuo, E-mail:benniegu@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对1种航空用国产T700级碳纤维和4种双马树脂（QY9611、5429、QY9512、QY8911-4），采用3种湿热条件（100℃水煮、70℃水浸、70℃/85%相对湿度）对其复合材料单向层板进行湿热处理，通过研究吸湿量、扩散系数、显微结构、化学成分、耐热温度及力学性能，分析了复合材料的湿热特性。结果表明，4种复合材料在3种湿热条件下的吸湿行为均符合Fick第二扩散定律，100℃水煮时平衡吸湿量和扩散系数最大，70℃/85%相对湿度时两者最小。4种复合材料吸湿速度有明显区别，这与其原材料形式和成型工艺不同有关。湿热处理未导致复合材料内部产生损伤和化学变化，主要引起增塑效应，导致玻璃化转变温度降低。复合材料的90°拉伸性能测试结果表明，高温和吸湿耦合作用下复合材料力学性能衰减更为明显，破坏模式由基体开裂转变为界面脱黏和开裂。
- 复合材料 /
- 碳纤维 /
- 双马树脂 /
- 湿热处理 /
- 吸湿
Abstract:
For a kind of domestic T700-grade carbon fiber and four types of bismaleimide resin (QY9611, 5429, QY9512, QY8911-4) used in aeronautic field, three hydrothermal conditions, including 100℃ boiling water, 70℃ water immersion and 70℃/85% relative humidity, were adopted to treat these unidirectional composite laminates. Moisture absorption content, diffusion coefficient, microstructure, chemical groups, resistance to temperature and mechanical property were studied to evaluate hydrothermal property of composite. The results show that the moisture absorption of the four types of composites under the three conditions all follows Fick's second law. Moisture equilibrium content and diffusion coefficient are the largest under boiling water condition, while they are the least under the condition of 70℃/85% relative humidity. Obvious differences on the speeds of moisture absorption among the four bismaleimide composites have the relationship with material type and molding method. Hydrothermal treatment does not result in damage inside composite and chemical change, and the resulting plasticization effect results in decrease in glass transition temperature. The test results of 90° tensile properties of the composites show that the coupling of elevated temperature and moisture absorption causes more serious degradation in composite's mechanical property, and its failure mode transforms from matrix cracking to debonding and fracture at interface region.
- composite /
- carbon fiber /
- bismaleimide resin /
- hydrothermal treatment /
- moisture absorption

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图 1 不同湿热条件下4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料单向层板的吸湿曲线

Figure 1. Moisture absorption curves of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite unidirectional laminates under different hygrothermal conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 相同湿热条件下4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料单向层板吸湿曲线

Figure 2. Moisture absorption curves of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite unidirectional laminates under the same hygrothermal condition

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 吸湿后复合材料单向层板100倍率金相照片

Figure 3. Metallographic photos of 100 times magnification of composite unidirectional laminates after moisture absorption

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图 4 吸湿后复合材料单向层板500倍率金相照片

Figure 4. Metallographic photos of 500 times magnification of composite unidirectional laminates after moisture absorption

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料湿热处理前后红外光谱图对比

Figure 5. Comparison of infrared spectra of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite before and after hygrothermal treatment

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图 6 70℃水浸前后23℃及150℃下4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料90°拉伸性能

Figure 6. 90° tensile property of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite at 23℃ and 150℃ before and after 70℃ water immersion

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图 7 4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料90°拉伸断面形貌

Figure 7. Fracture morphology of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite after 90° tensile testing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料单向层板基本信息

Table 1. Basic information of carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite unidirectional laminates

规格种类	成型工艺	材料形式	生产厂家
T700级JH碳纤维/QY9611树脂	热压罐	单向预浸料	中航复合材料有限责任公司
T700级JH碳纤维/5429树脂	热压罐	单向预浸料
T700级JH碳纤维/QY9512树脂	RFI(树脂膜熔渗)	单向织物+树脂膜
T700级JH碳纤维/QY8911-4树脂	RTM(树脂传递模塑)	单向织物+树脂

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表 2 不同湿热条件下4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料平衡吸湿量和平衡时间

Table 2. Equilibrium moisture absorption content and balance time of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite under different hygrothermal conditions

处理方式	平衡吸湿量/%				平衡时间/h
处理方式	JH/QY8911-4	JH/QY9512	JH/5429	JH/QY9611	平衡时间/h
100℃水煮	1.50	1.32	1.02	0.94	130
70℃水浸	1.24	1.16	0.95	0.90	390
70℃/85%相对湿度	0.86	0.81	0.70	0.61	≤850

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表 3 不同湿热条件下4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料扩散系数

Table 3. Diffusion coefficient of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite under different hygrothermal conditions

材料体系	处理方式	D_z/(mm²·s^-1)
JH/QY9611	100℃水煮	1.68×10^-6
	70℃水浸	8.86×10^-7
	70℃/85%相对湿度	1.79×10^-7
JH/5429	100℃水煮	2.19×10^-6
	70℃水浸	1.01×10^-6
	70℃/85%相对湿度	3.15×10^-7
JH/QY9512	100℃水煮	2.23×10^-6
	70℃水浸	9.78×10^-7
	70℃/85%相对湿度	4.04×10^-7
JH/QY8911-4	100℃水煮	2.36×10^-6
	70℃水浸	1.19×10^-6
	70℃/85%相对湿度	2.03×10^-7

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表 4 复合材料层板纤维体积分数和孔隙率

Table 4. Fiber volume fraction and porosity of composite laminate

材料体系	纤维体积分数/%	孔隙率/%
JH/QY8911-4	60.49	0.11
JH/QY9512	60.54	0.12
JH/5429	64.93	0.11
JH/QY9611	64.27	0.12

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表 5 70℃水浸390 h前后4种T700级JH碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料玻璃化转变温度

Table 5. Glass transition temperature of four kinds of T700-grade JH carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite before and after 70℃ water immersion for 390 h

材料体系	玻璃化转变温度/℃		变化率/%
材料体系	干态	湿态	变化率/%
JH/QY9611	236	184	28.3
JH/5429	234	182	28.6
JH/QY9512	235	202	16.3
JH/QY8911-4	258	218	18.3

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