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航模舵机的动态特性测试与系统辨识

孙玉凯 张仁嘉 吴志刚 杨超 杨阳

孙玉凯, 张仁嘉, 吴志刚, 等 . 航模舵机的动态特性测试与系统辨识[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2020, 46(2): 294-303. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0202
引用本文: 孙玉凯, 张仁嘉, 吴志刚, 等 . 航模舵机的动态特性测试与系统辨识[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2020, 46(2): 294-303. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0202
SUN Yukai, ZHANG Renjia, WU Zhigang, et al. Dynamic property test and system identification of model aircraft actuators[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020, 46(2): 294-303. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0202(in Chinese)
Citation: SUN Yukai, ZHANG Renjia, WU Zhigang, et al. Dynamic property test and system identification of model aircraft actuators[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020, 46(2): 294-303. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0202(in Chinese)

航模舵机的动态特性测试与系统辨识

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0202
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 11672018

详细信息
    作者简介:

    孙玉凯  男, 博士研究生。主要研究方向:气动弹性力学与主动控制

    张仁嘉  男, 博士, 工程师。主要研究方向:飞行器总体设计、气动弹性力学与主动控制

    吴志刚  男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师。主要研究方向:气动弹性力学与主动控制

    杨超  男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师。主要研究方向:气动弹性力学与主动控制

    杨阳  男, 博士研究生。主要研究方向:气动弹性力学与主动控制

    通讯作者:

    吴志刚. E-mail: wuzhigang@buaa.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V215.3

Dynamic property test and system identification of model aircraft actuators

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 11672018

More Information
  • 摘要:

    航模飞机受机体质量、机体空间和设计成本的限制,选用的小型航模舵机大多缺乏相应的频响特性指标,须在使用前完成频响特性测试。考虑舵面惯性载荷和气动载荷对舵机特性的影响,设计了舵机频响特性测试平台,可对大部分航模舵机和小型伺服电机进行空载或带载测试。针对常用的三款舵机进行频响特性测试,并采用子空间辨识获得舵机准确的数学模型。通过三款舵机频响特性对比得出,即使舵机的标称扭矩满足使用要求,负载增加也会改变舵机的幅频特性;舵机中存在的时滞时长随负载变化。而航模舵机常用的50 Hz PWM信号,也限制了舵机的带宽。

     

  • 图 1  舵机频响特性测试系统框架

    Figure 1.  Framework of actuator frequency response characteristic test system

    图 2  舵机频响特性测试系统实物图

    Figure 2.  Photo of actuator frequency response characteristic test system

    图 3  舵机测试平台

    Figure 3.  Actuator test platform

    图 4  待测舵机安装模块放大图

    Figure 4.  Enlarged view of installation module of actuator to be tested

    图 5  舵面载荷模拟模块放大图

    Figure 5.  Enlarged view of control surface load simulation module

    图 6  矩形截面扭杆气动力模拟装置原理图

    Figure 6.  Schematic diagram of aerodynamic simulation device by a rectangular-section torsion bar

    图 7  舵面转动惯量示意图

    Figure 7.  Schematic diagram of rotational interia of control surface

    图 8  舵面惯性载荷模拟装置原理图

    Figure 8.  Schematic diagram of simulation device of rotational inertial loads of control surface

    图 9  JR SERVO DS8900G舵机

    Figure 9.  JR SERVO DS8900G actuator

    图 10  Hitec HS-7954SH舵机

    Figure 10.  Hitec HS-7954SH actuator

    图 11  MaxonMotor EC-4pole22-323218舵机

    Figure 11.  MaxonMotor EC-4pole22-323218 actuator

    图 12  无气动载荷时舵机A随扫频信号幅值变化的频响特性

    Figure 12.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator A with sweep signal amplitude without aerodynamic load

    图 13  有气动载荷时舵机A随扫频信号幅值变化的频响特性

    Figure 13.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator A with sweep signal amplitude with aerodynamic loads

    图 14  扫频幅值为5°时,有/无气动载荷下的舵机A频响特性

    Figure 14.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator A under 5° sweep signal amplitude with/without aerodynamic load

    图 15  扫频幅值为5°时,有气动载荷下的舵机A频响函数曲线对比

    Figure 15.  Frequency response function curves identification of Actuator A under 5° sweep signal amplitude with aerodynamic loads

    图 16  无气动载荷时舵机B随扫频信号幅值变化的频响特性

    Figure 16.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator B with sweep signal amplitude without aerodynamic load

    图 17  有气动载荷时舵机B随扫频信号幅值变化的频响特性

    Figure 17.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator B with sweep signal amplitude with aerodynamic loads

    图 18  扫频幅值为5°时,有/无气动载荷下的舵机B频响特性

    Figure 18.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator B under 5° sweep signal amplitude with/without aerodynamic load

    图 19  扫频幅值为5°时,有气动载荷下的舵机B频响函数曲线对比

    Figure 19.  Frequency response function curves identification of Actuator B under 5° sweep signal amplitude with aerodynamic loads

    图 20  无气动载荷时舵机C随扫频信号幅值变化的频响特性

    Figure 20.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator C with sweep signal amplitude without aerodynamic load

    图 21  有气动载荷时舵机C随扫频信号幅值变化的频响特性

    Figure 21.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator C with sweep signal amplitude with aerodynamic loads

    图 22  扫频幅值为7°时,有/无气动载荷下的舵机C频响特性

    Figure 22.  Frequency response characteristics of Actuator C under 7° sweep signal amplitude with/without aerodynamic load

    图 23  扫频幅值为7°时,有气动载荷下的舵机C频响函数曲线对比

    Figure 23.  Frequency response function curves identification of Actuator C under 7° sweep signal amplitude with aerodynamic loads

    表  1  舵机频响特性测试平台参数

    Table  1.   Parameters of actuator frequency response characteristic test platform

    参数 数值
    舵面转动惯量/(kg·mm) 2.40
    舵面铰链刚度/(N·m·(°)-1) 0.002 2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  舵机频响特性测试参数

    Table  2.   Parameters of actuator frequency response characteristic test

    参数 航机A 航机B 航机C
    采样率/Hz 50 50 1 000
    扫频初始频率/Hz 0.2 0.1 0.1
    扫频终止频率/Hz 8 10 15
    步进步长/(Hz·次-1) 0.1 0.1 0.1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  舵机频响特性测试结果

    Table  3.   Results of actuator frequency response characteristic test

    舵机 扫频幅值/(°) 无气动载荷带宽/Hz 有气动载荷带宽/Hz 时滞时长/s
    A 2 0.9 0.9 0.06~0.24
    3 >10 1.6
    4 >10 7.6
    5 >10 >10
    B 2 3.6 3.6 0.1
    3 3.2 2.9
    4 3.0 3.6
    5 2.6 2.9
    C 2 >15 >15 0.014
    3 12.5 12.5
    4 10.7 10.7
    5 9.6 9.6
    6 8.7 8.7
    7 8.1 8.1
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-05-05
  • 录用日期:  2019-08-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-02-20

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