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垂直起降固定翼无人机串联混电系统优化设计

陈刚 贾玉红 马东立 夏兴禄 张欣

陈刚, 贾玉红, 马东立, 等 . 垂直起降固定翼无人机串联混电系统优化设计[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2021, 47(4): 742-753. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2020.0015
引用本文: 陈刚, 贾玉红, 马东立, 等 . 垂直起降固定翼无人机串联混电系统优化设计[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2021, 47(4): 742-753. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2020.0015
CHEN Gang, JIA Yuhong, MA Dongli, et al. Optimal design of series-hybrid electric system for unmanned convertiplane[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021, 47(4): 742-753. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2020.0015(in Chinese)
Citation: CHEN Gang, JIA Yuhong, MA Dongli, et al. Optimal design of series-hybrid electric system for unmanned convertiplane[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021, 47(4): 742-753. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2020.0015(in Chinese)

垂直起降固定翼无人机串联混电系统优化设计

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2020.0015
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈刚 男, 博士研究生。主要研究方向: 飞机总体设计

    马东立 男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师。主要研究方向: 飞机总体设计

    通讯作者:

    马东立, E-mail: madongli@buaa.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V221+.6

Optimal design of series-hybrid electric system for unmanned convertiplane

More Information
  • 摘要:

    针对垂直起降固定翼无人机的动力需求特点,提出了一种专用于该类无人机的串联混电系统(S-HES)优化设计方法。首先,建立了旋翼、固定翼及转换模式下的垂直起降固定翼无人机的功率需求模型和基于串联混电系统功率传递路径的混电功率解算方程,给出了计及功率约束、能量约束及电池充电的电池质量解算方法,并在大量统计数据的基础上建立了其他混电部件质量解算方程。其次,使用威兰氏线法建立了考虑发动机工作点变化的燃油消耗模型。使用柯西变异粒子群算法基于各物理数学模型在飞行剖面内的各个飞行阶段展开混电控制参数优化,从而完成垂直起降固定翼无人机的顶层设计要求向串联混电系统最佳供电策略、设计功率及质量分配方案的转化。在城市货运和山区货运2种应用场景下对所提方法进行了验证。最后,分析了优化设计结果对于不同飞行阶段性能要求的敏感性。研究结果表明:所提方法可较好地捕捉垂直起降固定翼无人机任务剖面的调整及各飞行阶段的性能要求变化对串联混电系统优化设计结果的显著影响,对垂直起降固定翼无人机的各类应用场景均具有较好的适应性。

     

  • 图 1  垂直起降固定翼无人机在不同飞行模式下的构型变化(以倾转机翼构型为例)

    Figure 1.  Configurations of unmanned convertiplane in different flight modes (taking a tilt-wing convertiplane as an example)

    图 2  机载串联混电系统组成结构

    Figure 2.  Structure of S-HES equipped in convertiplane

    图 3  串联混电系统功率传递路径

    Figure 3.  S-HES power transmission path

    图 4  基于威兰氏线法的发动机特性模拟[23]

    Figure 4.  Simulation of engine performance based on Willans line method[23]

    图 5  串联混电垂直起降固定翼无人机运行剖面

    Figure 5.  Flight profile of series hybrid-electric unmanned convertiplane

    图 6  粒子群优化结果(城市货运剖面)

    Figure 6.  Particle swarm optimization results(urban freight profile)

    图 7  最佳供电策略及运行功率变化(城市货运)

    Figure 7.  Optimal power supply strategy and operating power changes (urban freight)

    图 8  粒子群优化结果(山区货运剖面)

    Figure 8.  Particle swarm optimization results(mountain freight profile)

    图 9  最佳供电策略及运行功率变化(山区货运)

    Figure 9.  Optimal power supply strategy and operating power changes under the whole profile (mountain freight)

    图 10  巡航距离的敏感性分析

    Figure 10.  Sensitivity analysis of cruising range

    图 11  巡航高度的敏感性分析

    Figure 11.  Sensitivity analysis of cruising altitude

    图 12  单次悬停时长的敏感性分析

    Figure 12.  Sensitivity analysis of single hover duration

    图 13  最大起飞推重比的敏感性分析

    Figure 13.  Sensitivity analysis of maximum takeoff thrust-to-weight ratio

    表  1  其他S-HES组件质量解算方程

    Table  1.   Mass solving equation of other S-HES components

    组件 质量解算方程
    发动机[17]
    发电机[18] MGE=0.385(Pge, max+0.44)
    能量管理系统 MPMS=0.1(Pge, max ηPMSPPL)+0.028 6 Pge, max+0.2 Pbatt, chg+0.21 PPL+0.072(Pge, max+ Pbatt, chg+ Pge, max ηPMS)
    电驱动器[19-21] MED=0.158(Ued, max/ Ued0, max)0.158 8 Ped, max+0.024(Ped, max+1.309 6)
    螺旋桨/旋翼[22] MPR=0.058 6 Nb0.391(DPR Ped, max)0.782
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  基本设计要求

    Table  2.   Basic design requirements

    性能要求 数值
    旋翼模式:爬升率/(m·s-1) 3
    转换模式: 最大起飞推重比 1.2
    转换模式:离地高度/m 150
    固定翼模式:爬升率/(m·s-1) 3
    固定翼模式:巡航速度/(m·s-1) 35
    固定翼模式:巡航距离/km 150
    其他:机载设备供电/W 150
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  设计输入

    Table  3.   Design input

    设计输入 数值 动力组件 效率/%
    起飞总重/kg 200 发电机 90
    空机质量/kg 80 能量管理系统 90
    展弦比 18 电驱动器 86
    旋翼数目 8 电池(充电) 90
    螺旋桨数目 2 螺旋桨 80
    单旋翼桨盘面积/m2 0.51
    旋翼模式全机阻力系数 3
    零升阻力系数 0.03
    奥斯瓦尔德因子 0.68
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  城市货运与山区货运剖面差异性设计要求

    Table  4.   Different design indicators in urban freight and mountain freight profiles

    性能要求 城市货运 山区货运
    旋翼模式:单次悬停时长/min 1.5 3
    固定翼模式:巡航高度/km 0.3 1.8
    固定翼模式:实用升限/m 1 000 2 500
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  最佳设计功率及质量分配方案(城市货运)

    Table  5.   Optimal design power and mass distribution scheme (urban freight)

    组件 设计功率/kW 质量分配/kg
    发动机 7.2 5.15
    发电机 6.5 2.67
    能量管理系统 6.5 1.7
    电池 51.1 34.05
    电驱动器 56.8 13.48
    螺旋桨/旋翼 2.52
    燃油 2.8
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  最佳设计功率及质量分配方案(山区货运)

    Table  6.   Optimal design power and mass distribution scheme (mountain freight)

    组件 设计功率/kW 质量分配/kg
    发动机 8.93 6.38
    发电机 8.04 3.26
    能量管理系统 8.04 2.24
    电池 49.7 33.13
    电驱动器 56.8 13.48
    螺旋桨/旋翼 2.52
    燃油 3.73
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-01-14
  • 录用日期:  2020-03-27
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-04-20

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