美国无人机立法新动态及其启示

doi:10.13766/j.bhsk.1008-2204.2018.0324

北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 113-122.DOI: 10.13766/j.bhsk.1008-2204.2018.0324

美国无人机立法新动态及其启示

杨宽¹, 费秀艳²

1. 北京理工大学法学院, 北京 100081;
2. 华东政法大学科学研究院, 上海 201620

收稿日期:2018-11-02 出版日期:2019-01-25 发布日期:2019-02-19
作者简介:杨宽(1987-),男,四川泸州人,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为国际法、航空航天法.

New Development of US Legislation on Unmanned Aircraft and Its Inspirations

YANG Kuan¹, FEI Xiuyan²

1. School of Law, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Institute of Social Sciences, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 201620, China

Received:2018-11-02 Online:2019-01-25 Published:2019-02-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着无人机的广泛应用，美国逐步制定了一系列无人机监管规则，并根据无人机活动的发展及监管需求不断调整其无人机立法。最近几年来美国提出了数量众多的无人机法案、制定了范围广泛的无人机监管法规、管理文件等，进一步明确了无人机监管规则，体现了美国无人机立法的新动态和发展方向。这包括建立专门性的无人机空中交通管理机构、完善无人机登记管理和驾驶员管理、严格无人机的运行许可及操作规则、细化无人机分类管理及加强无人机所涉隐私保护等。我国无人机立法滞后于无人机应用及产业的发展，美国无人机相关具体规则和管控方式，及其将无人机纳入国家空域体系、保障航空安全并兼顾产业发展利益的原则，对于完善中国无人机监管制度具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 无人机, 无人机监管, 运行规则, 航空安全, 美国无人机立法

Abstract:

With the wide use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), the U.S. has gradually formulated a series of rules concerning UAS regulation, and continuously adapted such rules to the development of UAS activities and its regulation demands. In recent years, the U.S. proposed a number of new acts, formulated extensive regulations and documents regarding UAS, in order to specify the rules regarding UAS. This reflected the new trends and development of the U.S. civil UAS legislation, including to establish specific air traffic control body for UAS, improve UAS registration and pilot regulation, strengthen the operation permit and operational rules for UA, detail UAS classification, strengthen privacy protection and so on. The legal regulation of UAS in China lags behind the application of UAS and the development of the industry. The UAS rules and regulation mode in the U.S., as well as the principles of integrating UAS into the national airspace system and ensuring aviation safety while taking into account industrial benefits, can be of inspiration for improving the regulatory regime of UAS in China.

Key words: unmanned aircraft, unmanned aircraft regulation, operation rules, aviation safety, U.S. unmanned aircraft legislation

中图分类号:

DF934

杨宽, 费秀艳. 美国无人机立法新动态及其启示[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2019, 32(1): 113-122.

YANG Kuan, FEI Xiuyan. New Development of US Legislation on Unmanned Aircraft and Its Inspirations[J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS AND A, 2019, 32(1): 113-122.

参考文献

[1] 孟丽敏. 我国民用无人机法律问题研究[J]. 法制博览,2017(7):184-185.
[2] 雨同. 2017消费级无人机市场重在细分与调整[J]. 环球飞行,2017(1):58-61.
[3] Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International. Report on the economic impact of unmanned aircraft systems integration in the United States[R]. March 2013.
[4] 郑派. 美国新近民用小型无人机管控立法析评[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 2017,30(5):19-27.
[5] Justin Harclerode. Sweeping bipartisan FAA reform legislation introduced in the house[EB/OL].[2018-04-20]. https://transportation.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=401599.
[6] 焦连跃, 李华星. 从FAA看如何加强我国民航适航管理[J]. 西北工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2009, 29(3):43-47.
[7] House, senate introduce competing FAA bills[EB/OL].[2018-04-25]. https://generalaviationnews.com/2017/06/28/house-senate-introduce-competing-faa-bills.
[8] BETSY L. FAA offers registration deletion, refund for hobbyist UAS pilots[EB/OL].[2018-04-25]. https://unmanned-aerial.com/faa-offers-registration-deletion-refund-hobbyist-uas-pilots.
[9] MATTHEW T D. Issues concerning integration of unmanned aerial vehicles in civil airspace[EB/OL].[2018-04-25]. Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/04_1232.pdf.
[10] JENNIFER H. FAA regulation of drone operations:Commercial use of drones in a holding pattern[J]. For The Defense, 2014(8):51.
[11] 柯丽娟, 谢一飞. 规范民用无人机商业使用的重点问题[J]. 中国律师, 2015(11):63-66.
[12] 沈振, 曾佳. 关于民用无人机侵犯隐私问题的探讨[J]. 国际航空,2015(8):56-57.
[13] 中国电子信息博览会组委会. 无人机与个人飞行器产业急速攀升[J]. 中国电子商情,2015(5):42.
[14] 2025年中国无人机市场规模将达750亿元[EB/OL]. (2016-06-06)[2018-04-25]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2016-06/06/c_129041605.htm.
[15] 栾爽. 无人机法律规制问题论纲[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):32-37.
[16] 李春锦, 文泾. 无人机系统的运行管理[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2011.
[17] 艾洪昌, 王春生. 我国民用无人机管理现状探析[J]. 管理观察,2015(7):191-192.
[18] 高国柱. 中国民用无人机监管制度研究[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2017,30(5):28-36.
[19] 黄志敏, 熊经纬. 轻微型无人机广泛应用带来的安全隐患及其管控策略[J]. 河北公安警察职业学院学报, 2015(3):32-38.
[20] DALAMAGKIDIS, K P V, LES A P. On integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system:issues, challenges, operational restrictions, certification, and recommendations[M]. Springer, 2011:61.
[21] Federal Aviation Administration. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace system roadmap[EB/OL]. (2013-11-07)[2018-04-20]. https://www.faa.gov/uas/media/uas_roadmap_2013.pdf.
[22] 刘育, 孙见忠, 李航. 民用无人机的监管与规范探讨[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2017(9):152-157.
[23] Federal Aviation Administration. FAAs center of excellence for unmanned aircraft systems:alliance for system safety of UAS through research excellence[EB/OL]. https://www.faa.gov/uas/research/media/UAS-Assure-COE.pdf, accessed 3 December 2017.
[24] Federal Aviation Administration. Focus area pathfinder program[EB/OL].[2018-04-20]. https://www.faa.gov/uas/programs_partnerships/focus_area_pathfinder.
[25] NASA. A civil future for unmanned aircraft systems[EB/OL].[2018-04-28]. https://www.nasa.gov/aeroresearch/programs/iasp/uas/civil-future-for-uas.
[26] 辛勃, 王小明, 张莎莎, 等. 浅析世界无人机适航标准及运行管理[J]. 直升机技术,2015(3):67-71.

美国无人机立法新动态及其启示

New Development of US Legislation on Unmanned Aircraft and Its Inspirations

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李诚龙, 曾新宇. 民用无人机运行事故致害法律责任探究[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2019, 32(4): 103-107.
[2]	钟凯. 民航机上专职安保力量的配置与完善——以国际标准或建议措施为视角的比较分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2019, 32(4): 108-117.
[3]	张君周. 通用航空安保立法的挑战与应对研究[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2018, 31(5): 78-85.
[4]	郑派. 美国新近民用小型无人机管控立法析评[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2017, 30(5): 19-27.
[5]	高国柱. 中国民用无人机监管制度研究[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2017, 30(5): 28-36.
[6]	孙运梁, 石少敏. 比较视野下惩治航空安全犯罪的立法完善[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2015, 28(5): 24-30.
[7]	董念清. 国际民航安全法律-基于马航MH370事件和MH17事件的分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2015, 28(1): 41-52.
[8]	张君周. 美国空警机上"无令状搜查、逮捕"行为的合宪分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）, 2010, 23(6): 34-37.