ISSN 1008-2204
CN 11-3979/C
赵斌. 奥地利长期护理保障制度述评[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报社会科学版, 2019, 32(2): 52-59, 126. DOI: 10.13766/j.bhsk.1008-2204.2019.0016
引用本文: 赵斌. 奥地利长期护理保障制度述评[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报社会科学版, 2019, 32(2): 52-59, 126. DOI: 10.13766/j.bhsk.1008-2204.2019.0016
ZHAO Bin. Review of Austria's long-term care system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Social Sciences Edition, 2019, 32(2): 52-59, 126. DOI: 10.13766/j.bhsk.1008-2204.2019.0016
Citation: ZHAO Bin. Review of Austria's long-term care system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Social Sciences Edition, 2019, 32(2): 52-59, 126. DOI: 10.13766/j.bhsk.1008-2204.2019.0016

奥地利长期护理保障制度述评

Review of Austria's long-term care system

  • 摘要: 奥地利是欧洲最典型的主要依仗老年现金津贴的国家,其制度尊重参保人对服务主体的选择权、支持非正规护理服务提供者提供服务、强调政府有限责任和俾斯麦传统。这一模式激活了家庭在护理中的作用。但居民对正规护理服务的支付能力仍然不足,津贴待遇泛国民化以及兜底的社会救助仍负担过重,财政筹资使其难以持续,其核心弊端是未能引导护理服务市场的发展。这一模式也并不符合中国当前的护理服务市场发育不足还需护理保障制度进行引导发展的情况。护理津贴仅适用于正规护理服务市场发育不足的情况。但是,现金津贴难以保证钱为所用,挪用等道德风险及重复鉴定问题严重。

     

    Abstract: Austria is the most typical country in European Union that relies mainly on cash allowance for the elderly. The design of Austria's system respects the insured's right to choose the service providers, supports informal care service providers, and emphasizes limited government responsibility and Bismarck tradition. This model provides sufficient support to informal nursing staff such as family members, activates the role of the family. However, even with subsidies, residents' ability to pay for formal care services is still insufficient. Subsidies are pan-national and the proportion of people enjoying them is too high. The burden of social assistance is still too heavy. Therefore, the biggest disadvantage of nursing allowance is its failure to guide the development of the nursing service market, which is not in line with the situation of insufficient development of our country's nursing service market. At the same time, cash treatment such as nursing allowance is especially suitable for the situation where the formal nursing service market is underdeveloped and the service supply is insufficient. However, it is difficult to ensure the use of money in cash allowance, misappropriation and other moral hazard problems are serious, and excessive identification has become a new problem.

     

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