Abstract: Xu Dai's book, New Concept of Aesthetics: The Humanistic Thinking in the 21stCen t uryis a monograph on aesthetics that features a spirit of critical realism. Writ ten with the paradigm of the spiritual world, the book explores the issue of ae sthetics. It is not only a breakthrough in the field of aesthetics, but also a contribution to the ideological and cultural circleswith its criticism of theor eticism and reflection on traditional culture. Meanwhile, the beauty and the sen timents the book conveys to readers, makes vivid the exploration of the profound theoretical issues.