Abstract: In recent years, Chinese government has taken certain measures to increase the financial support in minority areas and the coverage of social security system has been extended and the social security condition has been improved in these areas. In order to measure the social security situation of minority areas, the paper chooses 5 autonomous regions and 30 autonomous prefectures and compiles an index of social security of minority areas according to the public statistic data. It is found that in terms of social security, among the 5regions, 3 are better than the average condition of the whole country; among the 30 prefectures, 7 equal the average condition of the whole country, and the rest are worse than the average condition of the whole country. In the minority areas, pension insurance policy is most inefficient, and medical insurance policy the second. The policy for the minimum living allowance is comparatively efficient.