Abstract: Fairness is an appropriate reason for the farmer's action in protecting his rural land rights. Why fairness is so important to the farmers? How to understand the farmers' view of fairness? Taking typical farmers' expression as an example, the paper analyzes the first question from the theory of scarcity and the second from the theory of justice. The systems created by the farmers are applied to illustrate how to realize the farmers' fairness. It is helpful to maintain the rural land rights and achieve social stability in the countryside.