Abstract: In recent years, the state has attached great importance to community governance, and has continuously introduced relevant policies to provide a good policy environment for community governance innovation. On the basis of sorting out 55 community governance innovation cases selected by the Ministry of Civil Affairs from 2013 to 2015, the theoretical framework and the analysis framework of innovation motivation of community governance are constructed on the basis of rational choice institutionalism and institutional change dynamics theory. According to the indirect motivation and the type of income, the community governance innovation is divided into six categories:pressure conduction type, rule of law protection type, demand response type, contradiction response type, resident promotion type and technology driven type, and analyze the related factors that promote community governance innovation from the perspectives of direct motivation and indirect motivation. The direct drivers include the pressure from local government competition and the increase of financial input, and the innovation of community governance can meet the increasingly diversified needs of community residents and solve the development problems of neighborhood offices and neighborhood committees, promote the stable development of society; indirect causes include the provisions of policy documents, the promotion of information technology and the development of community social organizations.