Abstract: With the development of civil aviation transportation industry, the volume of dangerous goods air transportation and unsafe events are increasing. Thus, it is critical to reduce dangerous goods unsafe events. In order to reduce the probability of unsafe events for dangerous goods more effectively, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the dangerous goods source assessment system for air transport of dangerous goods according to the influencing factors of 2010—2017 dangerous goods event statistics. The weight of each factor is determined through the dangerous goods source assessment system, so that as the importance of each factor to the dangerous goods source of air transport is also determined. The analysis of the dangerous goods source assessment system of air transportation shows that the freight-general cargo transportation and class 9 dangerous goods-lithium batteries are two important dangerous goods sources that affect the air safety transportation of dangerous goods. In addition, the corresponding preventive measures for the two important sources of dangerous goods are given to provide guidance for the safety management of dangerous goods air transportation, which is of great value for effectively controlling the probability of accidents and improving the level of safety management.