美国本科阶段工程教育改革趋势研究
Revolution Trend of Undergraduate Engineering Education in the US
-
摘要: 美国本科阶段工程教育的改革引领着世界工程教育的发展。通过深入考察近30年美国工程教育改革的研究与实践进展,发现美国本科阶段工程教育改革的总体趋势是“科学导向”向“工程设计导向”的转变,其原因在于商战促使工程教育界认识到工程设计是工程的核心。美国关于工程设计教育的研究大致分为宏观层面的理念构建、中观层面的课程改革和微观层面的设计学习3个阶段,其工程设计教育改革实践也在理论研究的推助下持续向前推进,美国“工程设计导向”的工程教育改革趋势充分说明工程设计及工程设计教育的重要性,为中国工程教育改革提供了思路。Abstract: The development of the global engineering education has been led by the revolution of undergraduate engineering education in the US. By reviewing the research and practice of US engineering education revolution in the recent three decades, this paper finds that the overall trend of the undergraduate engineering education in the US is to transform from scientific orientation to engineering design orientation. This trend highlights the importance of engineering design and engineering design education, which provides the engineering education in China with fruitful thoughts.