Abstract: As globalization, marketization and urbanization are progressing rapidly, modern industrial society has stepped into a fresh development phase. With its achievement, science and technology is bringing humans more well-being and plenty of uncontrolled risks and crises as well. More and more Not-In-My-Backyard conflicts caused by the environmental hazards around the world tend to occur much more commonly. The thesis chooses the Ningbo PX affair as the case to trace the social background, concrete reasons and probable harms of Not-In-My-Backyard conflicts, and then based on the results we could analyze the exiting defects of local government in the process of handling Not-In-My-Backyard conflicts so that we could put forward some useful solutions to Not-In-My-Backyard conflicts with the view of their precaution and resolution.