Abstract: This article studies emergency material depository layout optimization, which plays an important role in urban emergency rescue. First, considering that the road condition has an important impact on the effect of emergency rescue, the concept of road damage risk factor is introduced in this article to build satisfaction attenuation function based on the thought of demand satisfaction decreasing within the coverage radius. Second, on account of the supply ability limitation of emergency material depository and the dynamic process of emergency rescue, this article proposes a dynamic multiple coverage model of urban emergency material depository from the perspective of supply and demand and time dimension. Using an improved immune optimization algorithm, the objective of this model is to maximize the total demand satisfaction and minimize the total distribution distance. Third, the validity of the model and algorithm is verified by numerical examples to provide advice for decision makers of the emergency material depository layout optimization.