Abstract: Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping has attached great importance to ecological civilization construction and environmental protection in the layout of the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics, making many instructions which formed a theory of socialist ecological civilization construction. As the result of various factors, the theoretical logic and practical basis of Xi Jinping's thought of ecological civilization is mainly reflected in the following aspects:the inheritance and development of Marx's ecological view, passing on and carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese ecological culture, reflecting and absorbing the achievements of western ecological theory, and enriching the ecological protection concept of the previous leaders of the CPC and rationally responding to the environment situation in China. Xi Jinping's thought of ecological civilization has great practical value, providing a guide for action in tackling the global ecological crisis, promoting the construction of ecological civilization, building a beautiful China and achieving the sustainable development of China.