Abstract: The implementation of rural pension policy and the strengthening of rural old-age security effort play a positive role in promoting rural residents' pension level and completing the pension system in China. However there exist some problems in pension, endowment mode and facilities for the elders which fail to meet the needs of elderly residents in rural areas. To solve the problems, it is important to understand the actual endowment modes and real demand of rural elderly residents. Only by doing that can rural old-age pension plan be made, pension industry in rural areas be developed and rural old-age pension facilities and its protection level be improved.