Abstract: The scientific and technological community is one element of science and technology policy, and the close relationship between the two makes the reform of the scientific and technological community more diversified. Japan's science and technology policy has been matured many times in the past, and the construction, responsibility and work of the science and technology community are relatively perfect. Studying its development process, the positioning and reform of China's science and technology associations can not only provide a path of exploration, but also complement each other with experience. After researching the status quo of Japan's science and technology policy and the normative development of science and technology missions, it is recommended that China's science and technology associations propose to establish an open communication system with other institutions in the society, and draw on the laws recognized by relevant Japanese legal persons in legislation to absorb knowledge or resources of humanities and social sciences. Organize lectures or seminars on hot topics for the society.