Abstract: Taking the "2049 Plan" in 1999 as an important time node and flag event, the history of the construction of the citizen's scientific quality is divided into two periods. Compared the characters of the machine construction system, implementation channel, popularization content of science in different historical periods of citizen quality construction emphatically. It is proposed that it should be organized and implemented by a special institution as a national strategy, which provides a fundamental impetus system guarantee for our country's citizen quality construction. On the construction channels, we must adhere to the main channel of science education, and give full play to the role of popularization of science and communication of science at the same time, especially attach importance to the social power of popularization of science. In the main body of the construction, we must still adhere to the special attention to different groups and targeted promotion measures.