Abstract: There are five modes in the establishment of juvenile judicial institutions in China. The independence of judicial institutions guarantees the professionalism and special requirements of juvenile justice. Independent setting of the juvenile court in China has been confused with low number of cases and inadequate resources, so advocating the establishment of the juvenile and family tribunal have rationality and necessity. However, the tribunal cannot fundamentally overcome the dilemma of weakened juvenile justice. Under the model of juvenile and family tribunal, juvenile trial should maintain relative independence and adhere to its own characteristics in the allocation of judicial personnel, procedure and working mechanism. In the end, integrating existing judicial resources, establishing cross-regional specialized basic juvenile and family courts and establishing a number of juvenile tribunals under the juvenile and family courts, is to ensure the independent operation and development of juvenile justice in China, fully reflect the characteristics and professional requirements of juvenile justice.