Abstract: To establish a strong political authority and firmly maintain the authority of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee is an important content in Marx and Engels' view of scientific socialism authority. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee inherited the political authority thoughts of Marx and Engels, and creatively developed the scientific socialist authority view in combination with the new era conditions as well as the national conditions. The inheritance and development involve:inheriting and developing the thoughts of Marx and Engels concerning the key role of establishing effective political authority in consolidating the overall leadership of the ruling party; inheriting Marx and Engels' thoughts on the necessity of political authority to improve the effectiveness of national governance and creatively developing the effectiveness of national governance which would demonstrate and consolidate the political authority in turn; inheriting the dialectical analysis of Marx and Engels' analysis on the relationship between authority and autonomy, and creatively puts forward such relevant theory and system design as establishing and maintaining the authority of CPC Central Committee and dealing well with the relationship between the authority of CPC Central Committee and the autonomy of CPC organizations at all levels.