Abstract: With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the world has entered the "data-driven" era. While creating value, data flow also brings about the increasingly serious problem of "data pollution". The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has constructed the personal data self-determination rights system and data risk management system on the basis of the data lifecycle, provided strict accountability system, and introduced the concept of the right to be forgotten, aiming to establish a global data governance system based on the EU rules. As one of the basic protocols for the next generation of global credit authentication and value Internet, blockchain helps to realize data sharing and ensure data security. However, the decentralized characteristics, consensus algorithm mechanism and sequential backtracking structure of blockchain make it difficult to apply the existing law of personal data protection in terms of the verification of responsible subjects, the exercise of data rights and the selection of right protection modes. In order to construct the coupling path between blockchain and rights protection of personal data, it is necessary to introduce diversified interest balance mechanism and privacy protection scheme by identifying the identities of multiple subjects in blockchain, and establish a data protection management system with data security management as the core. It is also essential to balance the interests of all parties through system construction and effective supervision to provide a good legal guarantee system for promoting the integration of blockchain technology and personal data protection.