Abstract: As the latest achievement of Montreal Convention in 1999, advance payment system is the inevitable product of the development of air transportation and the crystallization of the wisdom of experts in air law all over the world. Therefore, an in-depth study of the value, evolution and important issues of the advance payment system is conducive to the correct understanding of the advance payment system of the Montreal Convention in 1999, so as to establish the system in China scientifically and reasonably. Through the analysis, we have found that the establishment of advance payment system in China can not only meet the needs of development of China's air transportation, but also strengthen the protection of the legal system of civil aviation, so it is necessary to establish it in China. However, the advance payment system in the Draft for Comments of Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China still needs to be further amended. Furthermore, considering the connection between the advance payment system and civil aviation regulations, it is suggested to formulate the Implementation Measures for Advance Payment in Civil Aircraft Accidents and elaborate on the system to ensure its implementation.