Abstract: Taking five agricultural enterprises, namely, Yili Group, New Hope Group, Wen's Group, Shuanghui Development, and Bright Dairy as the research objects, this paper conducts an exploratory multi-case study on the high volatility of supply and demand and its transmission mechanism with Nvivo software based on the grounded theory, and then constructs an analysis model with high volatility of supply and demand, organizational resilience, and enterprises performance as the factors. The results show that high volatility of supply and demand has a negative impact on the performance of agricultural enterprises, and negatively inhibits organizational resilience. Organizational resilience has a positive effect on the performance of agricultural enterprises and plays a mediating role between the high volatility of supply and demand and the performance of agricultural enterprises.