破产法调整个人信息出售的逻辑与路径——以美国法为切入点
Logic and Path of Adjusting the Sale of Personal Information by Bankruptcy Law: Taking American Law as the Breakthrough Point
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摘要: 随着数字经济的发展, 越来越多的企业依赖于个人信息的电子存储、传输和管理, 并将其作为可用于内部营销或出售给其他企业的特殊资源。个人信息渐渐具有了可量化的价值, 甚至迅速拥有了与传统金融资产水平相当的价值, 不少企业在维护消费者个人信息的同时, 也在共享或销售消费者偏好信息。这在企业面临财务困境, 进入破产程序中体现明显。为了加强对个人信息的保护, 美国在破产程序中形成了以企业隐私政策为核心的个人信息保护模式, 并将个人信息的出售纳入其破产法的调整范围。中国由于成法较晚, 在现有的法律逻辑框架下, 企业在破产程序中出售个人信息仅仅依据以《中华人民共和国民法典》和《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》为主的现行法并不能有效解决学理上和实践中的诸多难题。当前, 正值中国破产法修订的关键期, 或可以以美国法为参照系, 构建和完善中国企业在破产程序中出售个人信息的法律路径, 从而丰富中国破产法理论。Abstract: With the development of digital economy, more and more enterprises rely on the electronic storage, trans-mission and management of personally identifiable information and use it as a special resource that can be marketed internally or sold to other enterprises. Personally identifiable information gradually has a quantifiable value and its value is soon comparable to that of traditional financial assets. As a result, while maintaining consumers' personally identifiable information, many enterprises are also sharing or selling information of consumers' preferences. This is especially true when enterprises are facing financial difficulties and entering bankruptcy proceedings. In order to strengthen the protection of personal information, the United States has applied a personal information protection model with corporate privacy policies as the core in bankruptcy proceedings and incorporated the sale of personal information into the scope of its bankruptcy law. However, due to the late enactment of the law in China, under the existing legal logic framework, the sale of personal information by enterprises in bankruptcy proceedings is only settled with the current laws, mainly including the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China" and the "Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and this cannot effectively solve many problems in theory and practice. At present, China's bankruptcy law is at the critical period of revision and it is essential to construct and improve the legal path to handle Chinese enterprises' selling of personal information in bankruptcy proceedings with reference to American law, thereby enriching the theory of bankruptcy law.