Abstract: Data opening is a new administrative task of governments in the digital smart era, but the current centralized opening model is difficult to meet the dual needs of data security and availability. Government data opening empowered by blockchain is an inevitable trend in the era of big data. It improves mutual trust in government data through the consensus mechanism, ensures data security via encryption algorithms, and enhances data availability through intelligent contracts. However, as an emerging technology, blockchain not only provides empowerment utility, but also introduces risks, including internal risks caused by technological immaturity and external risks caused by mismatch with legal systems. To address these challenges, legal regulation presents feasible solutions. First, to mitigate the internal risks, a blockchain risk regulation mechanism should be established at the legal level. Second, sandbox regulation and other trial-and-error mechanisms should be developed to address compliance risks resulting from legal lag. Thirdly, to reduce the risk of interest capture caused by data gaps, a multi-governance data system should be formed.