Abstract: Based on the historical evolution of common prosperity and its connotation in the new era, this paper reveals the dual context of the concept of "common prosperity", that is, the economic issue as the direction of the reform of income distribution system and the political issue as the goal of socialist modernization. The core feature of Chinese modernization is the people-centered modernization led by the Communist Party of China. China's path to common prosperity for everyone means that China should continue to deepen the reform of the people-centered income distribution system, instead of retracing the steps to the rigidity and isolation of the past "equalitarianism", or taking the wrong turn by abandoning the mission or system to "welfarism" by examining the path to common prosperity for everyone from the macro perspective of Chinese modernization and the comparative perspective with western modernization. Because of the challenge of the long-range objectives of socialist modernization through the year 2035 and the complexity of the current reform of the income distribution system, it is necessary to carry out a profound social revolution to achieve common prosperity for everyone.