Abstract: In the decade of the new era, China has made remarkable historic achievements in the construction of environmental rule of law. Marked by the comprehensive revision of the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, China has notably accelerated the pace of enacting, amending or repealing relevant laws on environmental protection, and has basically completed the environmental legislation system. With the reform of environmental law enforcement system and mechanism as the driving force, various departments have taken multiple measures to improve the quality and efficiency of law enforcement and made substantial progress in environmental law enforcement. With the construction of the specialized environmental judicial system as an opportunity, the specialized environmental litigation system and the traditional litigation system have developed well, and the environmental judicial system has been running smoothly. As an important participant, contributor and leader in the construction of global ecological civilization, China actively promotes the national strategy of sustainable development, and plays an increasingly leading role in global environmental governance. The Report to the 20th CPC National Congress gives a new position to “harmony between humanity and nature” in Chinese modernization, and puts forward the new requirements for building a modern socialist country in all respects under the rule of law. In the face of the severe challenge that “ecological conservation and environmental protection remain a formidable task”, it is urgent to accurately grasp the new direction anchored by the Report to the 20th CPC National Congress for the construction of environmental rule of law. Based on the fruitful results achieved in the studies of the codification of environmental law, it is essential to continue to make solid progress in the codification of environmental law to provide a “good law” for the construction of the “modernization of harmony between humanity and nature”.