ISSN 1008-2204
CN 11-3979/C

元宇宙的应用困境及其法律规制

Application Dilemmas and Legal Regulation of the Metaverse

  • 摘要: 元宇宙是一个基于多种数字技术构建的、以数字身份参与的虚实相生甚至以虚运实的数字虚拟社会,其本质在于社会性而非虚拟性。尽管元宇宙已经在娱乐、医疗、教育、工业和法律等领域获得初步应用,但是仍面临法律、伦理和技术的多维困境。从法律上来看,元宇宙的应用可能直接与个人信息保护权、隐私权、著作权等权能形成冲突;从伦理上来看,元宇宙的发展趋势与道德哲学对人之主体性的强调不相兼容;从技术上来看,元宇宙仍面临交互设备差、算法算力弱、经济系统不完善等瓶颈问题。为了在一定程度上解决这些困境,推动元宇宙应用的良性发展,需从宏观和微观两个层面展开法律规制:一是以现实社会为中心,构建一体融合的法律体系,促进现实社会的法律系统与虚拟社会的算法系统之间的跨系统沟通;二是以风险为基础,根据比例原则对元宇宙应用实施从原则上禁止、全流程监管到行业自律的差异规制。

     

    Abstract: The Metaverse is a digital virtual society built on a variety of digital technologies in which virtuality and reality are connected and even real world is expanded via virtual world with people participating with digital identity. Its essence lies in sociality rather than virtuality. Although the Metaverse has gained initial application in the fields of entertainment, healthcare, education, industry and law, it still faces multidimensional dilemmas of law, ethics and technology. From the legal point of view, the application of the Metaverse may directly conflict with the right of personal information protection, the right of privacy, copyright and other rights. From the ethical point of view, the development trend of the Metaverse is incompatible with the emphasis of moral philosophy on human subjectivity. From the technical point of view, the Metaverse still faces bottleneck problems, such as poor interactive devices, weak computing power of algorithm, and imperfect economic system. In order to solve these dilemmas to a certain extent and promote the virtuous development of the Metaverse application, it is necessary to carry out legal regulation from both macro and micro levels. On the one hand, the integrated legal system centered on the real world needs to be built to promote the cross-system communication between the legal system of the real world and the algorithm of the virtual world; on the other hand, based on risk and the principle of proportionality, the application of the Metaverse needs to be regulated differently, from prohibition in principle, supervision in the whole process to industry self-regulation.

     

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