Abstract: "Realizing the common prosperity of all the people" is the inherent requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the historical mission of the Communist Party of China. The common prosperity under socialism with Chinese characteristics is not only the implementation of the basic principles and methodology of scientific socialism, but also the transformation, application and effective implementation of China's excellent traditional culture, highlighting the theoretical tension in the "academic continuation" of excellent culture. The century-old Chinese practice of common prosperity has confirmed that it is a "historical generation", the period of the new democratic revolution has created fundamental social conditions for common prosperity, the period of socialist revolution and construction has laid a solid institutional foundation for common prosperity, the period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization has provided a rich system and material guarantee for common prosperity, and the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era has gathered joint forces to open up a new realm of common prosperity. At the same time, the common prosperity of socialism with Chinese characteristics is also a "practical occurrence", which should be based on "Chinese reality", face "Chinese problems" and gather "Chinese strength" to steadily realize people's prospects. In this regard, the century-old quest for common prosperity under socialism with Chinese characteristics fully demonstrates the value logic of "seeking happiness for the people", "seeking rejuvenation for the nation" and "seeking great harmony for the world". In the new historical stage, we should continue to take historical materialism as the methodology principle to focus on opening up a new realm of common prosperity.