Abstract: Policy is an important tool for national governance. Studying the existing policies on basic old-age insurance for the urban working group has important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the reform of old-age insurance for working people in the new era. On the basis of constructing a three-dimensional analysis framework of policy instruments, policy goals, policy subjects, this paper uses the content analysis method to make a quantitative analysis of the policy texts on old-age insurance for working people since the establishment of a unified basic old-age insurance system for employees of enterprises in 1997. The study finds that there are some problems with the basic old-age insurance policy for the urban working group in China, such as the imbalanced structure of policy instruments, lack of foresight in the combination of policy goals, and lack of legal basis. Therefore, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for basic old-age insurance for the urban working group, such as balancing the allocation of policy instruments, optimizing the combination of policy goals, and strengthening the legislation of old-age insurance.