Abstract: Since the Party’s 18th National Congress, Xi Jinping has emphasized the strategic importance of scientific and technological innovation in the overall national development, and made a series of important remarks on scientific and technological innovation, forming the ideological system for the Party and the country to promote scientific and technological innovation and build a leading country in science and technology in the new era. Xi’s important remarks on scientific and technological innovation is an accurate grasp of and scientific response to the current development of scientific and technological innovation in China in the context of the “two overall situations”. At present, we need to start with the core issues, such as “why should we adhere to scientific and technological innovation” “what is scientific and technological innovation” “what challenges is scientific and technological innovation facing”, comprehensively grasp the content of Xi’s important remarks on scientific and technological innovation, and deeply understand its value implications from the dimensions of theoretical and practical guidance. At the same time, we need to take multiple measures simultaneously to actively implement Xi’s important remarks on scientific and technological innovation to accelerate the construction of a leading country in science and technology. That is, we should adhere to and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over the cause of science and technology, and lead the high-quality development of scientific and technological innovation by targeting the global sci-tech frontiers, serving the main economic battlefields, striving to fulfill the significant needs of the country and benefiting people’s lives and health. In addition, we should construct and improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide in scientific and technological innovation, and establish and improve the talent cultivation mechanism for achieving breakthrough in core technologies in key fields.